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HomeBackend DevelopmentC++C++ mind map: comprehensively organize core programming knowledge

目标:构建一个全面的 C++ 思维导图,涵盖基本语法、面向对象编程、数据结构、算法以及输入输出。思维导图包括:基本语法:包含数据类型、变量、操作符、控制流和函数。面向对象编程(OOP):包含类和对象、继承、多态和虚函数。数据结构:包含数组、链表、栈、队列和树。算法:包含排序算法(冒泡排序、快速排序)和搜索算法(二分查找、广度优先搜索)。输入输出:包含文件操作和流操作符。

C++ 思维导图:全面整理编程核心知识

C++ 思维导图:掌握编程核心基础

目标:
构建一个综合全面的 C++ 思维导图,涵盖编程的核心知识点。

内容大纲:

1. 基本语法

  • 数据类型
  • 变量
  • 操作符
  • 控制流
  • 函数

2. 面向对象编程(OOP)

  • 类和对象
  • 继承
  • 多态
  • 虚函数

3. 数据结构

  • 数组
  • 链表
  • 栈和队列

4. 算法

  • 排序算法(冒泡排序、快速排序)
  • 搜索算法(二分查找、广度优先搜索)

5. 输入输出

  • 文件操作
  • 流操作符

实战案例:

1. 银行账户模拟
创建一个 C++ 程序来模拟一个银行账户,包括存款、取款和查看余额。

#include <iostream>

class BankAccount {
public:
    BankAccount(double initial_balance) : balance(initial_balance) {}
    void deposit(double amount) { balance += amount; }
    void withdraw(double amount) { balance -= amount; }
    double getBalance() { return balance; }

private:
    double balance;
};

int main() {
    // 创建一个银行账户对象 with with $1000 as initial balance
    BankAccount account(1000);

    // deposit $500
    account.deposit(500);

    // withdraw $200
    account.withdraw(200);

    // get balance
    double balance = account.getBalance();

    // print the final balance
    std::cout << "Final balance: $" << balance << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

2. 排序整数数组
创建一个 C++ 程序来使用快速排序算法对整数数组进行排序。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void quickSort(vector<int>& nums, int low, int high) {
    if (low < high) {
        // partition
        int partitionIndex = partition(nums, low, high);

        // recursively sort the two halves
        quickSort(nums, low, partitionIndex - 1);
        quickSort(nums, partitionIndex + 1, high);
    }
}

int partition(vector<int>& nums, int low, int high) {
    // choose the pivot as the last element
    int pivot = nums[high];
    int i = low - 1;

    for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {
        if (nums[j] <= pivot) {
            i++;
            swap(nums[i], nums[j]);
        }
    }

    // place the pivot in its correct position
    swap(nums[i + 1], nums[high]);
    return i + 1;
}

int main() {
    vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 3, 1, 7, 4, 6};

    quickSort(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);

    // print the sorted array
    for (int num : nums) {
        cout << num << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

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