How to choose the right C++ generic programming technique?

C Generic programming technologies include: 1. Template metaprogramming: generate code at compile time, efficient and type-safe; 2. Runtime type information: obtain type information, flexible but expensive; 3. Type blanking: compiler Derivation type, easy to use but possible unexpected derivation.

#How to choose the right C generic programming technique?

Generic programming is a powerful technique for creating code that is independent of specific data types. In C, there are three main ways to implement generic programming:

• Template Metaprogramming (TMP): Use compile-time techniques to generate code at compile time.
• Run-Time Type Information (RTTI): Obtain type information and operate on types at runtime.
• Type blanking: Call a function without specifying a type by using the compiler to infer the type.

How to choose the right technology

Choosing the right generic programming technology depends on your specific needs. The following table summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology:

Technology	Advantages	Disadvantages
Template metaprogramming	Efficient and type-safe	Compilation errors may be difficult to debug
Runtime type information	Flexible, the type can be modified at runtime	High overhead, possible security issues
Type blanking	Easy to use , no explicit type specification is required	The compiler may make unexpected type deduction

Practical case

Case 1: Use TMP to calculate factorial

template <int N>
struct Factorial {
  enum { value = N * Factorial<N-1>::value };
};

template <>
struct Factorial<0> {
  enum { value = 1 };
};

Case 2: Use RTTI to get the type name

#include <typeinfo>

int main() {
  int x = 10;
  std::cout << typeid(x).name() << std::endl; // 输出: int
}

Case 3: Use type Blanking Define Generic Functions

template <typename T>
void print(T value) {
  std::cout << value << std::endl;
}

int main() {
  print(10); // 通过编译器推导出 T 为 int
  print("Hello"); // 通过编译器推导出 T 为 const char*
}

Conclusion

It is crucial to choose the appropriate generic programming technique in C based on your specific needs. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies, you can choose the technology that best suits your application.

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