How to specialize C++ templates?

For specific types of parameters, template specialization provides different implementations. Here are the steps: Specialize the template using type-specific template syntax. Provide specialized implementations for specific types. The compiler will choose the most appropriate implementation. Specializations take precedence over generic implementations. Can be specialized for multiple types.

How to specialize C++ templates

Template specialization allows you to provide different implementations of a template for parameters of specific types. This is useful in situations where a specific type requires special handling.

Syntax

To specialize a template, use the following syntax:

template<>
class 模板名<类型> {
  // 特殊化实现
};

For example, if you have a template Vector that represents a vector, You can specialize it to provide different implementations for the int type:

template<typename T>
class Vector {
  // 通用实现
};

template<>
class Vector<int> {
  // 为 int 特殊化的实现
};

Realistic Example

Consider the following example, which uses templatesCompare To compare two values:

template<typename T>
bool Compare(const T& a, const T& b) {
  return a == b;
}

For the int type, we can provide a more efficient implementation:

template<>
bool Compare<int>(const int& a, const int& b) {
  return a - b == 0;
}

In practice, the compiler will choose the most appropriate implementation , in which case a specialized implementation will be used for comparisons of type int.

Notes

• Specialization has higher priority than general implementation.
• Can be specialized for multiple types, for example:

template<>
class Vector<int> {
  // 实现
};

template<>
class Vector<double> {
  // 实现
};

• Name conflicts can be prevented by using the typename keyword.

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