Parse HTTP request body in Golang

There are three main ways to parse the HTTP request body in Go: Use io.ReadAll to read the entire body. Use json.Decoder to parse the JSON body. Use r.ParseMultipartForm to parse form data.

Parsing the HTTP request body in Golang

Parsing the HTTP request body is crucial for receiving data from the client and processing the request . Golang provides multiple methods to parse the request body, and this article will explore the most commonly used methods.

Parsing method

1. Use io.ReadAll to read the entire text

func readAll(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, "Could not read body", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    // 使用 body ...
}

2. Use json.Decoder to parse JSON text

type RequestBody struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
}

func decodeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    body := RequestBody{}
    decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
    err := decoder.Decode(&body)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, "Could not decode JSON body", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    // 使用 body.Name ...
}

3. Use multipart/form-data to parse form data

func parseFormData(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    if err := r.ParseMultipartForm(32 << 20); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, "Could not parse form data", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    // 访问表单字段 r.Form
}

Practical Case

A simple REST API endpoint can handle JSON requests and return responses:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

type RequestBody struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handleRequest)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 解析 JSON 请求正文
    body := RequestBody{}
    decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
    err := decoder.Decode(&body)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, "Could not decode JSON body", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    
    // 处理请求...
    
    // 返回响应
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", body.Name)
}

By using these methods, you can easily Parse the HTTP request body in Golang and receive the required data from the client.

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