How to build a RESTful API using Golang and deploy to Docker?

Build a RESTful API in Golang and deploy to Docker: Create a Golang project and define the data structure. Write API handlers, define routes and start HTTP servers. Create a Dockerfile, build a Docker image and run a Docker container. Practical case: testing API using Postman or curl.

How to build a RESTful API in Golang and deploy to Docker

Build a RESTful API

Create a Golang project

go mod init my-api

Define data structure

type User struct {
    ID     int    `json:"id"`
    Name   string `json:"name"`
    Email  string `json:"email"`
    Age    int    `json:"age"`
}

Write API handler

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个新的路由器
    r := mux.NewRouter()

    // 定义路由
    r.HandleFunc("/users", getUsers).Methods("GET")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", getUser).Methods("GET")
    r.HandleFunc("/users", createUser).Methods("POST")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", updateUser).Methods("PUT")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", deleteUser).Methods("DELETE")

    // 启动 HTTP 服务器
    fmt.Println("Listening on port 8080")
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)
}

// 获取所有用户
func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 获取单个用户
func getUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 创建用户
func createUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 更新用户
func updateUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 删除用户
func deleteUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

Deploy to Docker

Create Dockerfile

FROM golang:1.18-alpine

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . ./

RUN go build -o my-api

CMD ["my-api"]

Build Docker image

docker build -t my-api-image .

Run Docker container

docker run -p 8080:8080 my-api-image

Practical case:

You can deploy this API to Docker and use Postman or curl for testing. For example, create a user named "test":

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/users -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "test", "email": "test@example.com", "age": 30}'

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