How to format time based on time zone in Golang?

The time package in the Go language can format time through time layout and time zone information. First load the time zone information, which can be achieved through the time.LoadLocation function. Second, use the language and region packages to load the time zone layout string. Finally, call the time.Format function to format the time according to the specified layout and time zone.

Use Golang to format time according to time zone

In Go language, the commonly used time package provides The Format function is available, which can be used to format time according to the specified layout. Among them, the layout string can load the time zone information of a specific time zone through the LoadLocation function, so as to format the time according to the time zone.

Load time zone information

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"

    "golang.org/x/text/language"
    "golang.org/x/text/region"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个代表特定时区的 Location 对象
    loc, err := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Shanghai")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    // 使用 Location 对象加载时区的布局字符串
    layout, err := time.LoadLayoutIn(language.English, region.CN, "Monday, January 2, 2006")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
}

Format time

// 将当前时间根据时区信息格式化为字符串
now := time.Now().In(loc)
formattedTime := now.Format(layout)
fmt.Println(formattedTime)

Output:

Monday, January 2, 2023

Practical case: Formatting the time entered by the user

Suppose you have a Web service that needs to collect time data from users and format it according to the user's time zone. Here is sample code you can implement using the Go language:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "golang.org/x/text/language"
    "golang.org/x/text/region"
)

// 结构体用来存储用户输入的时间和时区
type TimeInput struct {
    Time     string
    TimeZone string
}

func main() {
    // 创建一个 HTML 模板
    tmpl := template.Must(template.New("timeinput").Parse(`
        <form action="/format" method="post">
            <label for="time">Time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS):</label>
            <input type="text" name="time" id="time">
            <br>
            <label for="timezone">Time Zone:</label>
            <select name="timezone" id="timezone">
                <option value="Asia/Shanghai">Asia/Shanghai</option>
                <option value="America/New_York">America/New_York</option>
                <option value="Europe/London">Europe/London</option>
            </select>
            <br>
            <input type="submit" value="Format">
        </form>
        <h2 id="Formatted-Time-FormattedTime">Formatted Time: {{ .FormattedTime }}</h2>
    `))

    // 定义处理用户请求的 HTTP 处理函数
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
            if err := tmpl.Execute(w, nil); err != nil {
                http.Error(w, "Error rendering template", http.StatusInternalServerError)
            }
        } else if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
            // 解析用户输入的时间和时区
            ti := &TimeInput{
                Time:     r.FormValue("time"),
                TimeZone: r.FormValue("timezone"),
            }

            // 加载时区信息
            loc, err := time.LoadLocation(ti.TimeZone)
            if err != nil {
                http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error loading time zone: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
                return
            }

            // 将输入的时间转换为 time.Time
            t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", ti.Time)
            if err != nil {
                http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error parsing time: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
                return
            }

            // 使用时区信息格式化时间
            layout, err := time.LoadLayoutIn(language.English, region.CN, "Monday, January 2, 2006")
            if err != nil {
                http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error loading layout: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
                return
            }
            formattedTime := t.In(loc).Format(layout)

            // Using the template engine, assign the formatted time to the "FormattedTime" field and render it
            ti.FormattedTime = formattedTime
            if err := tmpl.Execute(w, ti); err != nil {
                http.Error(w, "Error rendering template", http.StatusInternalServerError)
            }
        }
    })

    // 启动 HTTP 服务器
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

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