Go concurrent programming: asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO

In Go, asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO can be used for concurrent programming. Asynchronous programming uses lightweight Goroutines to perform tasks in the background while the main program continues execution. Non-blocking IO uses the io.Reader interface to perform input/output operations without waiting for completion. These two concepts can be used in real-world applications such as efficient processing of web requests.

Go parallel programming: asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO

In the Go language, asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO are key concepts in concurrent programming. This article will delve into both concepts and demonstrate their real-world application through practical examples.

Asynchronous Programming

Asynchronous programming is a programming style in which events are handled as they occur rather than waiting for them to complete. In the Go language, asynchronous programming is mainly implemented through Goroutine. Goroutine is a lightweight thread in the Go language that can execute tasks concurrently in the background.

func main() {
    ch := make(chan string)

    // 启动一个Goroutine
    go func() {
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        ch <- "Hello, world!"
    }()

    // 主程序从通道中读取数据。如果数据尚未准备好，该行代码将阻塞
    result := <-ch
    fmt.Println(result) // 输出："Hello, world!"
}

In the above example, the main program starts a Goroutine, which processes a task in the background. The main program does not have to wait for the Goroutine to complete before it can continue execution, during which time it can do other work.

Non-blocking IO

Non-blocking IO is an input/output operation that does not block program execution until the operation is completed. In the Go language, non-blocking IO is usually implemented using the io.Reader interface.

import (
    "bytes"
    "io"
    "log"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个Buffer作为io.Reader
    reader := bytes.NewBufferString("Hello, world!")

    // 创建一个缓冲区并从reader中读取数据
    buf := make([]byte, 1024)
    n, err := reader.Read(buf)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 将读取到的数据转换成字符串
    result := string(buf[:n])
    fmt.Println(result) // 输出："Hello, world!"
}

In the above example, we use the io.Reader interface to read data from a Buffer. Read operations are non-blocking, which means that the main program will not block even if the data is not ready yet.

Practical Case

Asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO are widely used in application development. A common use case is handling web requests.

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"

    // 导入第三方包
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个mux路由器
    router := mux.NewRouter()

    // 使用Goroutine处理请求
    router.HandleFunc("/hello", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, world!")
    })

    // 监听端口
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}

In this example, we create a web router using the Gorilla Mux third-party library. We use Goroutine to handle HTTP requests so that the main program can handle multiple requests at the same time.

Conclusion

Asynchronous programming and non-blocking IO are two important concepts in concurrent programming in Go language. By using them together, we can create high-performance, responsive applications.

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