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Homephp教程php手册浅谈PHP的静态变量

静态变量只存在于函数作用域内,也就是说,静态变量只存活在栈中。一般的函数内变量在函数结束后会释放,比如局部变量,但是静态变量却不会。就是说,下次再调用这个函数的时候,该变量的值会保留下来。

只要在变量前加上关键字static,该变量就成为静态变量了。

    
<?php
	function test()
	{
		static $nm = 1;
		$nm = $nm * 2;
		print $nm."<br />";
	}
	
    // 第一次执行,$nm = 2
	test();
    // 第一次执行,$nm = 4
	test();
    // 第一次执行,$nm = 8
	test();
?>

程序运行结果:

2
4
8

函数test()执行后,变量$nm的值都保存了下来了。

在class中经常使用到静态属性,比如静态成员、静态方法。

Program List:类的静态成员

静态变量$nm属于类bkjia,而不属于类的某个实例。这个变量对所有实例都有效。

::是作用域限定操作符,这里用的是self作用域,而不是$this作用域,$this作用域只表示类的当前实例,self::表示的是类本身。

    
<?php
	class bkjia 
	{
		public static $nm = 1;
		
		function nmMethod() 
		{
			self::$nm += 2;
			echo self::$nm . '<br />';
		}
	}
	
	$nmInstance1 = new bkjia();
	$nmInstance1 -> nmMethod();
	
	$nmInstance2 = new bkjia();
	$nmInstance2 -> nmMethod();
?> 

程序运行结果:

3
5

Program List:静态属性

    
<?php
	class NowaMagic
	{
    	public static $nm = 'www.bkjia.com';
    	public function nmMethod() 
		{
        	return self::$nm;
    	}
	}
	
	class Article extends NowaMagic
	{
    	public function articleMethod() 
		{
        	return parent::$nm;
    	}
	}
	
	// 通过作用于限定操作符访问静态变量
	print NowaMagic::$nm . "<br />";
	
	// 调用类的方法
	$bkjia = new NowaMagic();
	print $bkjia->nmMethod() . "<br />";
	
	print Article::$nm . "<br />";
	
	$nmArticle = new Article();
	print $nmArticle->nmMethod() . "<br />";
?>

程序运行结果:

www.bkjia.com
www.bkjia.com
www.bkjia.com
www.bkjia.com

Program List:简单的静态构造器

PHP没有静态构造器,你可能需要初始化静态类,有一个很简单的方法,在类定义后面直接调用类的Demonstration()方法。

    
<?php
function Demonstration()
{
    return 'This is the result of demonstration()';
}
class MyStaticClass
{
    //public static $MyStaticVar = Demonstration(); //!!! FAILS: syntax error
    public static $MyStaticVar = null;
    public static function MyStaticInit()
    {
        //this is the static constructor
        //because in a function, everything is allowed, including initializing using other functions
        
        self::$MyStaticVar = Demonstration();
    }
} MyStaticClass::MyStaticInit(); //Call the static constructor
echo MyStaticClass::$MyStaticVar;
//This is the result of demonstration()
?>

程序运行结果:

This is the result of demonstration()
Statement
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