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PHP的数组结构是用哈希表实现的

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-13 09:38:19861browse

今天回顾学习了PHP中变量实现的方法,在浏览其源码是发现在PHP中所有的数据类型通过一个union存储。php语言是弱类型语言,其实现中通过记录变量的类型和值来实现其管理。

PHP中使用最多的非Array莫属了,那Array是如何实现的?在PHP内部Array通过一个hashtable来实现,其中使用链接法解决hash冲突的问题,这样最坏情况下,查找Array元素的复杂度为O(N),最好则为1.

而其计算字符串hash值的方法如下,将源码摘出来以供查备:

static inline ulong zend_inline_hash_func(const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength)
{
    register ulong hash = 5381;                                                   //此处初始值的设置有什么玄机么?
    /* variant with the hash unrolled eight times */
    for (; nKeyLength >= 8; nKeyLength -= 8) {                         //这种step=8的方式是为何?
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;                         //比直接*33要快
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++;
    }   
    switch (nKeyLength) {
        case 7: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */                             //此处是将剩余的字符hash
        case 6: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */
        case 5: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */
        case 4: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */
        case 3: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */
        case 2: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */                     
        case 1: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; break;
        case 0: break;
EMPTY_SWITCH_DEFAULT_CASE()
    }   
    return hash;//返回hash值
}

ps:对于以下函数,仍有两点不明:

  1. hash = 5381设置的理由?
  2. 这种step=8的循环方式是为了效率么?
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