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一个“日期”字符串进行比较的case

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-13 09:37:30949browse

项目中有个功能是比较会员是否过期,review同事的代码,发现其写法比较奇葩,但线上竟也未出现bug。

实现大致如下:

$expireTime = "2014-05-01 00:00:00";
$currentTime = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());

if($currentTime < $expireTime) {
    return false;
} else {
    return true;
}

如果两个时间需要进行比较,通常是转换成unix时间戳,用两个int型的数字进行比较。该实现却特意将时间表示成string,然后对两个string进行比较运算。

撇开写法不谈,我很好奇的是php内部是如何进行比较的。

闲话少说,还是从源码开始跟踪。

编译期

在zend_language_parse.y中可以发现类似下述语法:

<span expr</span> === expr    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> !== <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> ==  <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_EQUAL, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> !=  <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_NOT_EQUAL, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> <   <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_SMALLER, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> <=  <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL, &$$, &$<span 1</span>, &$<span 3</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> >   <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_SMALLER, &$$, &$<span 3</span>, &$<span 1</span><span  TSRMLS_CC); }
</span><span expr</span> >=  <span expr</span>    { zend_do_binary_op(ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL, &$$, &$<span 3</span>, &$<span 1</span> TSRMLS_CC); }

很明显,此处编译成opcode用的便是zend_do_binary_op。

void zend_do_binary_op(zend_uchar op, znode *result, const znode *op1, const znode *op2 TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
	zend_op *opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);

	opline->opcode = op;
	opline->result.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
	opline->result.u.var = get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
	opline->op1 = *op1;
	opline->op2 = *op2;
	*result = opline->result;
}

该函数并没有做什么特别的处理,仅仅是简单保存了opcode、操作数1和操作数2。

执行期

根据opcode,跳转到相应的处理函数:ZEND_IS_SMALLER_SPEC_CONST_CONST_HANDLER。

static int ZEND_FASTCALL  ZEND_IS_SMALLER_SPEC_CONST_CONST_HANDLER(ZEND_OPCODE_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
	zend_op *opline = EX(opline);

	zval *result = &EX_T(opline->result.u.var).tmp_var;

	compare_function(result,
		&opline->op1.u.constant,
		&opline->op2.u.constant TSRMLS_CC);
	ZVAL_BOOL(result, (Z_LVAL_P(result) < 0));


	ZEND_VM_NEXT_OPCODE();
}

注意到,两个zval的比较是利用compare_function来处理。

ZEND_API int compare_function(zval *result, zval *op1, zval *op2 TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
	int ret;
	int converted = 0;
	zval op1_copy, op2_copy;
	zval *op_free;

	while (1) {
		switch (TYPE_PAIR(Z_TYPE_P(op1), Z_TYPE_P(op2))) {
			case TYPE_PAIR(IS_LONG, IS_LONG):
				...
			case TYPE_PAIR(IS_DOUBLE, IS_LONG):
				...
			case TYPE_PAIR(IS_DOUBLE, IS_DOUBLE):
				...
			...
			// 两个字符串进行比较
			case TYPE_PAIR(IS_STRING, IS_STRING):
				zendi_smart_strcmp(result, op1, op2);
				return SUCCESS;
			...
		}
	}
}

该函数例举了若干种情况,根据本文case,进入zendi_smart_strcmp一窥究竟:

ZEND_API void zendi_smart_strcmp(zval *result, zval *s1, zval *s2) /* {{{ */
{
	int ret1, ret2;
	long lval1, lval2;
	double dval1, dval2;

	// 尝试将字符串转成数字类型
	if ((ret1=is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(s1), Z_STRLEN_P(s1), &lval1, &dval1, 0)) &&
		(ret2=is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(s2), Z_STRLEN_P(s2), &lval2, &dval2, 0))) {
		// 进行数字之间的比较
		...
	} else {
	    // 无法全部转成数字
	    // 则调用zend_binary_zval_strcmp
	    // 本质为memcmp的一层封装
		Z_LVAL_P(result) = zend_binary_zval_strcmp(s1, s2);
		ZVAL_LONG(result, ZEND_NORMALIZE_BOOL(Z_LVAL_P(result)));
	}
}

那么“2014-05-01 00:00:00”能否转化成数字么?

还是得看下is_numeric_string的实现规则。

static inline zend_uchar is_numeric_string(const char *str, int length, long *lval, double *dval, int allow_errors)
{
	const char *ptr;
	int base = 10, digits = 0, dp_or_e = 0;
	double local_dval;
	zend_uchar type;

	if (!length) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* trim掉字符串开头的空白部分 */
	while (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t' || *str == '\n' || *str == '\r' || *str == '\v' || *str == '\f') {
		str++;
		length--;
	}
	ptr = str;

	if (*ptr == '-' || *ptr == '+') {
		ptr++;
	}

	if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*ptr)) {
		/* 判断是否为16进制	*/
		if (length > 2 && *str == '0' && (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X')) {
			base = 16;
			ptr += 2;
		}

		/* 忽略后续的若干0 */
		while (*ptr == '0') {
			ptr++;
		}

		/* 计算数字的位数,并决定是整型还是浮点 */
		for (type = IS_LONG; !(digits >= MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG && (dval || allow_errors == 1)); digits++, ptr++) {
check_digits:
			if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*ptr) || (base == 16 && ZEND_IS_XDIGIT(*ptr))) {
				continue;
			} else if (base == 10) {
				if (*ptr == '.' && dp_or_e < 1) {
					goto process_double;
				} else if ((*ptr == 'e' || *ptr == 'E') && dp_or_e < 2) {
					const char *e = ptr + 1;

					if (*e == '-' || *e == '+') {
						ptr = e++;
					}
					if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*e)) {
						goto process_double;
					}
				}
			}

			break;
		}

		if (base == 10) {
			if (digits >= MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG) {
				dp_or_e = -1;
				goto process_double;
			}
		} else if (!(digits < SIZEOF_LONG * 2 || (digits == SIZEOF_LONG * 2 && ptr[-digits] <= '7'))) {
			if (dval) {
				local_dval = zend_hex_strtod(str, (char **)&ptr);
			}
			type = IS_DOUBLE;
		}
	} else if (*ptr == '.' && ZEND_IS_DIGIT(ptr[1])) {
		// 处理浮点数
	} else {
		return 0;
	}

	// 如果不允许容错,则报错退出
	if (ptr != str + length) {
		if (!allow_errors) {
			return 0;
		}
		if (allow_errors == -1) {
			zend_error(E_NOTICE, "A non well formed numeric value encountered");
		}
	}

	// 允许容错,则尝试将str转成数字
	if (type == IS_LONG) {
		if (digits == MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG - 1) {
			int cmp = strcmp(&ptr[-digits], long_min_digits);

			if (!(cmp < 0 || (cmp == 0 && *str == '-'))) {
				if (dval) {
					*dval = zend_strtod(str, NULL);
				}

				return IS_DOUBLE;
			}
		}

		if (lval) {
			*lval = strtol(str, NULL, base);
		}

		return IS_LONG;
	} else {
		if (dval) {
			*dval = local_dval;
		}

		return IS_DOUBLE;
	}
}

代码比较长,不过仔细阅读,str转num的规则还是很清晰的。

尤其注意的是allow_errors这个参数,它直接决定了本例中无法将“2014-05-01 00:00:00”转化成数字。

因而最后其实“2014-04-17 00:00:00”

既然是memcmp,便不难理解为何文章开始提到的写法也能正确运行。

容错转换

何时allow_errors为true呢?一个极好的例子便是zend_parse_parameters,zend_parse_parameters的实现不再细述,有兴趣的读者可以自行研究。其中调用is_numeric_string时将allow_errors置为了-1。

举个例子:

static void php_date(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int localtime)
{
	char   *format;
	int     format_len;
	long    ts;
	char   *string;

	// 期望的第二个参数为timestamp,为long
	// 假设上层调用时,误传入了string,那么zend_parse_parameters依然会尽可能的尝试将string解析为long
	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s|l", &format, &format_len, &ts) == FAILURE) {
		RETURN_FALSE;
	}
	if (ZEND_NUM_ARGS() == 1) {
		ts = time(NULL);
	}

	string = php_format_date(format, format_len, ts, localtime TSRMLS_CC);
	
	RETVAL_STRING(string, 0);
}

这是php的date函数内部实现。

在我们调用date时,如果将第二个参数传入string,效果如下:

echo date('Y-m-d', '0-1-2');

// 输出
PHP Notice:  A non well formed numeric value encountered in Command line code on line 1
1970-01-01

虽然报出notice级别的错误,但依然成功将'0-1-2'转成了0

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