什么是全文检索?
全文检索是指以文档的全部文本信息作为检索对象的一种信息检索技术。检索的对象有可能是文章的标题,也有可能是文章的作者,也有可能是文章摘要或内容。
Sphinx 是什么?
Sphinx 是一个基于SQL的全文检索引擎,可以结合MySQL,PostgreSQL做全文搜索,它可以提供比数据库本身更专业的搜索功能,使得应用程序更容易实 现专业化的全文检索。Sphinx特别为一些脚本语言设计搜索API接口,如PHP,Python,Perl,Ruby等,同时为MySQL也设计了一个 存储引擎插件。
Sphinx 单一索引最大可包含1亿条记录,在1千万条记录情况下的查询速度为0.x秒(毫秒级)。Sphinx创建索引的速度为:创建100万条记录的索引只需 3~4分钟,创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成,而只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引,重建一次只需几十秒。
下面我们来看一种比较常见的 php + mysql + sphinx 搜索引擎架构图:
Sphinx 有哪些特性?
高速索引 (在新款CPU上,近10 MB/秒);
高速搜索 (2-4G的文本量中平均查询速度不到0.1秒);
高可用性 (单CPU上最大可支持100 GB的文本,100M文档);
提供良好的相关性排名
支持分布式搜索;
提供文档摘要生成;
提供从MySQL内部的插件式存储引擎上搜索
supports boolean, phrase, and word proximity queries;
支持每个文档多个全文检索域(默认最大32个);
支持每个文档多属性;
支持断词;
支持单字节编码与UTF-8编码;
supports English stemming, Russian stemming, and Soundex for morphology;
支持MySQ(MyISAM和InnoDB 表都支持);
支持PostgreSQL.
更为详细教程请参考:php官方sphinx文档
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