PHP实现抓取HTTPS内容,php抓取https
最近在研究Hacker News API时遇到一个HTTPS问题。因为所有的Hacker News API都是通过加密的HTTPS协议访问的,跟普通的HTTP协议不同,当使用PHP里的函数 file_get_contents()
来获取API里提供的数据时,出现错误,使用的代码是这样的:
$data = file_get_contents("https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json?print=pretty");<br>......
当运行上面的代码是遇到下面的错误提示:
PHP Warning: file_get_contents(): Unable to find the wrapper "https" - did you forget to enable it when you configured PHP?
下面是截图:
为什么会出现这样的错误?
在网上经过一番搜索,发现遇到这样错误的人还不少,问题很直接,是因为在PHP的配置文件里没有开启一个参数,在我本机上是 /apache/bin/php.ini
里的 ;extension=php_openssl.dll
这一项,需要将前面的分号去掉。你可以用下面的脚本来检查你的PHP环境的配置:
$w = stream_get_wrappers();<br>echo 'openssl: ', extension_loaded ('openssl') ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'http wrapper: ', in_array('http', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'https wrapper: ', in_array('https', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'wrappers: ', var_dump($w);
运行上面的这个脚本片段,在我的机器上得到的结果是:
openssl: no<br>http wrapper: yes<br>https wrapper: no<br>wrappers: array(10) {<br> [0]=><br> string(3) "php"<br> [1]=><br> string(4) "file"<br> [2]=><br> string(4) "glob"<br> [3]=><br> string(4) "data"<br> [4]=><br> string(4) "http"<br> [5]=><br> string(3) "ftp"<br> [6]=><br> string(3) "zip"<br> [7]=><br> string(13) "compress.zlib"<br> [8]=><br> string(14) "compress.bzip2"<br> [9]=><br> string(4) "phar"<br>}
替代方案
发现错误,改正错误,这很简单,困难的是,发现错误后无法改正错误。我原本是想将这个脚本方法远程主机上,但我无法修改远程主机的PHP配置,结果是,我无法使用这一方案,但我们不能在一棵树上吊死,这条路走不通,看看有没有其它路。
另外一个我经常用的PHP里抓取内容的函数是 curl
,它比 file_get_contents()
更强大,提供了很多的可选参数。对于访问 HTTPS
内容的问题,我们需要使用的 CURL
配置参数是:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
你可以从语义上看出,它是忽略/跳过了SSL安全验证。也许这不是一个很好的做法,但对于普通的场景中,这几经足够了。
下面是利用 Curl
封装的一个能访问HTTPS内容的函数:
function getHTTPS($url) {<br> $ch = curl_init();<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);<br> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);<br> $result = curl_exec($ch);<br> curl_close($ch);<br> return $result;<br>}
以上就是php获取https内容的全部过程了,很简单很实用,推荐给有相同项目需求的小伙伴。

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