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Homephp教程php手册PHP Streams(流)详细介绍及使用,phpstreams

PHP Streams(流)详细介绍及使用,phpstreams

PHP Streams是内置核心操作,可能一般的开发者很少用,它用于统一文件、网络、数据压缩等类文件操作方式,并为这些类文件操作提供一组通用的函数接口。

一个stream就是一个具有流式行为的资源对象,每个stream对象都有一个包装类。Stream 可以通过://方式来引用。其中是包装类的名字,中的内容是由包装类的语法指定,不同的包装类的语法会有所不同。
来看看PHP 默认有哪些内置的包装类:

print_r(stream_get_wrappers());
/*
Array
(
  [0] => php
  [1] => file
  [2] => glob
  [3] => data
  [4] => http
  [5] => ftp
  [6] => zip
  [7] => compress.zlib
  [8] => https
  [9] => ftps
  [10] => phar
)
*/

看看PHP手册中关于PHP支持的协议和包装类。
看下面一段使用file_get_contents()获取数据的代码:

/* Read local file from /home/bar */
 $localfile = file_get_contents ( "/home/bar/foo.txt" );
 
 /* Identical to above, explicitly naming FILE scheme */
 $localfile = file_get_contents ( "file:///home/bar/foo.txt" );
 
 /* Read remote file from www.example.com using HTTP */
 $httpfile  = file_get_contents ( "http://www.example.com/foo.txt" );
 
 /* Read remote file from www.example.com using HTTPS */
 $httpsfile = file_get_contents ( "https://www.example.com/foo.txt" );
 
 /* Read remote file from ftp.example.com using FTP */
 $ftpfile  = file_get_contents ( "ftp://user:pass@ftp.example.com/foo.txt" );
 
 /* Read remote file from ftp.example.com using FTPS */
 $ftpsfile  = file_get_contents ( "ftps://user:pass@ftp.example.com/foo.txt" );

实际上readfile('/path/to/somefile.txt')或者readfile('file:///path/to/somefile.txt'),这两种方式是等效的。因为PHP的默认包装类就是file://。

 手册上明确指出,可以通过stream_register_wrapper()注册自己的包装器 ,可以去看看手册中的例子。
 OK,这里简单介绍一个PHP://,它是PHP用来处理IO流的包装类(点击这里看个例子)。通过PHP://可以访问更强大的输入输出流:

php://stdin:访问PHP进程相应的输入流,比如用在获取cli执行脚本时的键盘输入。
php://stdout:访问PHP进程相应的输出流。
php://stderr:访问PHP进程相应的错误输出。
php://input:访问请求的原始数据的只读流。
php://output:只写的数据流,以 print 和 echo 一样的方式写入到输出区。
php://fd:允许直接访问指定的文件描述符。例 php://fd/3 引用了文件描述符 3。
php://memory:允许读写临时数据。 把数据储存在内存中。
php://temp:同上,会在内存量达到预定义的限制后(默认是 2MB)存入临时文件中。
php://filter:过滤器。

PHP还可以通过context和filter对包装类进行修饰和增强。
(1)关于context,如PHP通过stream_context_create()来设置获取文件超时时间,这段代码大家肯定用过:

$opts = array(
  'http'=>array(
    'method'=>"GET",
    'timeout'=>60,
  )
);
$context = stream_context_create($opts);
$html =file_get_contents('http://www.bkjia.com', false, $context);

 (2)关于filter过滤器,首先来看看PHP有哪些内置的过滤器:

print_r(stream_get_filters());
/*
Array
(
  [0] => convert.iconv.*
  [1] => mcrypt.*
  [2] => mdecrypt.*
  [3] => string.rot13
  [4] => string.toupper
  [5] => string.tolower
  [6] => string.strip_tags
  [7] => convert.*
  [8] => consumed
  [9] => dechunk
  [10] => zlib.*
)
*/

 通过stream_filter_register()和内置的php_user_filter可创建自定义的过滤器,如下:

/* Define our filter class */
class strtoupper_filter extends php_user_filter {
  function filter ( $in , $out , & $consumed , $closing )
  {
    while ( $bucket = stream_bucket_make_writeable ( $in )) {
      $bucket -> data = strtoupper ( $bucket -> data );
      $consumed += $bucket -> datalen ;
      stream_bucket_append ( $out , $bucket );
    }
    return PSFS_PASS_ON ;
  }
}
 
/* Register our filter with PHP */
stream_filter_register ( "strtoupper" , "strtoupper_filter" )
or die( "Failed to register filter" );
 
$fp = fopen ( "foo-bar.txt" , "w" );
 
/* Attach the registered filter to the stream just opened */
stream_filter_append ( $fp , "strtoupper" );
 
fwrite ( $fp , "Line1\n" );
fwrite ( $fp , "Word - 2\n" );
fwrite ( $fp , "Easy As 123\n" );
 
fclose ( $fp );
 
 
readfile ( "foo-bar.txt" );
/*
结果如下:
LINE1
WORD - 2
EASY AS 123
*/

提供PHP中streams函数列表如下:

stream_bucket_append函数:为队列添加数据 
stream_bucket_make_writeable函数:从操作的队列中返回一个数据对象
stream_bucket_new函数:为当前队列创建一个新的数据
stream_bucket_prepend函数:预备数据到队列 
stream_context_create函数:创建数据流上下文
stream_context_get_default函数:获取默认的数据流上下文
stream_context_get_options函数:获取数据流的设置
stream_context_set_option函数:对数据流、数据包或者上下文进行设置
stream_context_set_params函数:为数据流、数据包或者上下文设置参数
stream_copy_to_stream函数:在数据流之间进行复制操作
stream_filter_append函数:为数据流添加过滤器
stream_filter_prepend函数:为数据流预备添加过滤器
stream_filter_register函数:注册一个数据流的过滤器并作为PHP类执行
stream_filter_remove函数:从一个数据流中移除过滤器
stream_get_contents函数:读取数据流中的剩余数据到字符串
stream_get_filters函数:返回已经注册的数据流过滤器列表
stream_get_line函数:按照给定的定界符从数据流资源中获取行
stream_get_meta_data函数:从封装协议文件指针中获取报头/元数据
stream_get_transports函数:返回注册的Socket传输列表
stream_get_wrappers函数:返回注册的数据流列表
stream_register_wrapper函数:注册一个用PHP类实现的URL封装协议
stream_select函数:接收数据流数组并等待它们状态的改变
stream_set_blocking函数:将一个数据流设置为堵塞或者非堵塞状态
stream_set_timeout函数:对数据流进行超时设置
stream_set_write_buffer函数:为数据流设置缓冲区
stream_socket_accept函数:接受由函数stream_ socket_server()创建的Socket连接
stream_socket_client函数:打开网络或者UNIX主机的Socket连接
stream_socket_enable_crypto函数:为一个已经连接的Socket打开或者关闭数据加密
stream_socket_get_name函数:获取本地或者网络Socket的名称
stream_socket_pair函数:创建两个无区别的Socket数据流连接
stream_socket_recvfrom函数:从Socket获取数据,不管其连接与否
stream_socket_sendto函数:向Socket发送数据,不管其连接与否
stream_socket_server函数:创建一个网络或者UNIX Socket服务端
stream_wrapper_restore函数:恢复一个事先注销的数据包
stream_wrapper_unregister函数:注销一个URL地址包

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