PHP使用Memcache时模拟命名空间及缓存失效问题的解决,memcache命名空间
缓存命名空间
memcache本身不支持命名空间,但是我们可以利用 memcache本身的机制,来模拟命名空间。比如:你要清除一组数据,就需要用到命名空间,来看这样一个例子,说明写在了注释里:
class Action { public function index() { global $mc_wr; // 获取命名空间 $ns_key = $mc_wr->get("foo_namespace_key"); // 如果命名空间不存在,则设置一个 if($ns_key===false) $mc_wr->set("foo_namespace_key",time()); $otherParms = 'select * from user LIMIT 1'; // 根据命名空间生成唯一的key $my_key = "foo_".$ns_key.'_'.md5($otherParms); // 获取当前key下的缓存 $val = $mc_wr->get($my_key); if (!$val) { $value = 'wangdekang_'.time(); // 缓存不存在则设置缓存 600秒, 0为随机失效时间, 为失效时间添加随机秒数,防止瞬间所有缓存同时失效 $mc_wr->set($my_key,$value,600, 0); } echo $val; } public function clear_ns() { global $mc_wr; // 更新命名空间值,让当前命名空间的所有值失效, memcache自身的缓存失效机制,当缓存不在被访问,会通过LRU失效机制 $mc_wr->set('foo_namespace_key', time()); } }
memcache缓存失效问题
在大并发的场合,当cache失效时,大量并发同时取不到cache,会同一瞬间去访问db并回设cache,可能会给系统带来潜在的超负荷风险。
解决方法:
方法一
在load db之前先add一个mutex key, mutex key add成功之后再去做加载db, 如果add失败则sleep之后重试读取原cache数据。为了防止死锁,mutex key也需要设置过期时间。伪代码如下
if (memcache.get(key) == null) { // 3 min timeout to avoid mutex holder crash if (memcache.add(key_mutex, 3 * 60 * 1000) == true) { value = db.get(key); memcache.set(key, value); memcache.delete(key_mutex); } else { sleep(50); retry(); } }
方法二
在value内部设置1个超时值(timeout1), timeout1比实际的memcache
timeout(timeout2)小。当从cache读取到timeout1发现它已经过期时候,马上延长timeout1并重新设置到cache。然
后再从数据库加载数据并设置到cache中。伪代码如下
v = memcache.get(key); if (v == null) { if (memcache.add(key_mutex, 3 * 60 * 1000) == true) { value = db.get(key); memcache.set(key, value); memcache.delete(key_mutex); } else { sleep(50); retry(); } } else { if (v.timeout <= now()) { if (memcache.add(key_mutex, 3 * 60 * 1000) == true) { // extend the timeout for other threads v.timeout += 3 * 60 * 1000; memcache.set(key, v, KEY_TIMEOUT * 2); // load the latest value from db v = db.get(key); v.timeout = KEY_TIMEOUT; memcache.set(key, value, KEY_TIMEOUT * 2); memcache.delete(key_mutex); } else { sleep(50); retry(); } } }
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