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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython中使用异常处理来判断运行的操作系统平台方法

代码实例:

复制代码 代码如下:

try:
    import termios, TERMIOS               1
except ImportError:
    try:
        import msvcrt                  2
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from EasyDialogs import AskPassword   3
        except ImportError:
            getpass = "default_getpass"        4
        else:
            getpass = "AskPassword"          5
    else:
        getpass = "win_getpass"
else:
    getpass = "unix_getpass"

1:termios 是 UNIX 独有的一个模块,它提供了对于输入终端的底层控制。如果这个模块无效 (因为它不在你的系统上,或你的系统不支持它),则导入失败,Python 引发我们捕捉的 ImportError 异常。

2:OK,我们没有 termios,所以让我们试试 msvcrt,它是 Windows 独有的一个模块,可以提供在 Microsoft Visual C++ 运行服务中的许多有用的函数的一个API。如果导入失败,Python 会引发我们捕捉的 ImportError 异常。

3:如果前两个不能工作,我们试着从 EasyDialogs 导入一个函数,它是 Mac OS 独有的一个模块,提供了各种各样类型的弹出对话框。再一次,如果导入失败,Python 会引发一个我们捕捉的 ImportError 异常。

4:这些平台特定的模块没有一个有效 (有可能,因为 Python 已经移植到了许多不同的平台上了),所以我们需要回头使用一个缺省口令输入函数 (这个函数定义在 getpass 模块中的别的地方)。注意我们在这里所做的:我们将函数 default_getpass 赋给变量 getpass。如果你读了官方 getpass 文档,它会告诉你 getpass 模块定义了一个 getpass 函数。它是这样做的:通过绑定 getpass 到正确的函数来适应你的平台。然后当你调用 getpass 函数时,你实际上调用了平台特定的函数,是这段代码已经为你设置好的。你不需要知道或关心你的代码正运行在何种平台上;只要调用 getpass,则它总能正确处理。

5:一个 try...except 块可以有一条 else 子句,就像 if 语句。如果在 try 块中没有异常引发,然后 else 子句被执行。在本例中,那就意味着如果 from EasyDialogs import AskPassword 导入可工作,所以我们应该绑定 getpass 到 AskPassword 函数。其它每个 try...except 块有着相似的 else 子句,当我们发现一个 import 可用时,就绑定 getpass 到适合的函数。

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