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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial利用QT写一个极简单的图形化Python闹钟程序

今天我们讲一下用Python写的GUI小程序。一个小闹钟(只是屏幕提示,没有声音哦)

让我们先介绍这个闹钟如何奇葩。

需要通过命令行启动。

没有标题栏。

没菜单。

甚至没有关闭按钮。

没有运行界面。

看到这里想必大家要问了,何必去做一个这样弱爆了的程序呢。显然,教育意义大于其实际用处。

像其他的模块一样,QT界面包是需要加载的。

我们用到了命令行输入,所以,sys模块也是必须的。

用到了时间,但是我们不需要使用time模块,我们用QT提供的QTime模块。

让我们先写import 语句部分。
 

import sys
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

这是一个控制qt程序命脉的类,之后我们会慢慢解释。在每一个Qt程序中,都会找到类似的语句。

之后就是输入闹钟时间了。上程序。
 

try:
  message = "Alert!"
  if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    raise ValueError
  hours, mins = sys.argv[1].split(":")
  due = QTime(int(hours), int(mins))
  if not due.isValid():
    raise ValueError
  if len(sys.argv) > 2:
    message = " ".join(sys.argv[2:])
except ValueError:
  message = "Usage: alert.pyw HH:MM [optional message]"

其中包含了异常处理,对于一个应用程序,我们应该将所有的异常情况都考虑进去。

程序中使用raise 来触发异常。迫使程序进入我们的预想轨道。

显然,上面的程序是不够的,它并没有时间判断和GUI部分。

如何判断时间是否到了呢,我们给出一个不是特别准确的方法,定时判断。
 

import time
while QTime.currentTime() < due:
#休眠20秒
  time.sleep(20)

当时间到了我们就会跳到下一步,创建一个窗体,延迟60s 后关闭。
 

label = QLabel("<font color=red size=72><b>" + message + "</b></font>")
label.setWindowFlags(Qt.SplashScreen)
label.show()
QTimer.singleShot(60000, app.quit) # 1 minute
app.exec_()

看来,我们又需要写一个关于 QTime模块的介绍了。

现在把所有的句子放在一起。让我们测试下。


附完整代码:
 

import sys
import time
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
try:
  message = "Alert!"
  if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    raise ValueError
  hours, mins = sys.argv[1].split(":")
  due = QTime(int(hours), int(mins))
  if not due.isValid():
    raise ValueError
  if len(sys.argv) > 2:
    message = " ".join(sys.argv[2:])
except ValueError:
  message = "Usage: alert.pyw HH:MM [optional message]" # 24hr clock
while QTime.currentTime() < due:
  time.sleep(20) # 20 seconds
label = QLabel("<font color=red size=72><b>" + message + "</b></font>")
label.setWindowFlags(Qt.SplashScreen)
label.show()
QTimer.singleShot(60000, app.quit) # 1 minute
app.exec_()

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