logging分为4个模块: loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters.
●loggers: 提供应用程序调用的接口
●handlers: 把日志发送到指定的位置
●filters: 过滤日志信息
●formatters: 格式化输出日志
Logger
Logger.setLevel() 设置日志级别
Logger.addHandler()和Logger.removeHandler() 增加和删除日志处理器
Logger.addFilter()和Logger.removeFilter() 增加和删除过滤器
Logger.debug(), Logger.info(), Logger.warning(), Logger.error(), and Logger.critical() 创建不同的级别的日志
getLogger() 获取日志的根实例
Handler
setLevel() 设置日志级别
setFormatter() 设置输出格式
addFilter() and removeFilter() 增加和删除过滤器
Formatter
默认形式为: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.
格式为: %()s
日志配置管理
硬编码形式
import logging
# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create console handler and set level to debug
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
# add formatter to ch
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
# add ch to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)
# 'application' code
logger.debug('debug message')
logger.info('info message')
logger.warn('warn message')
logger.error('error message')
logger.critical('critical message')
输出
$ python simple_logging_module.py
2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message
通过文件配置管理日志
代码:
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')
# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')
# 'application' code
logger.debug('debug message')
logger.info('info message')
logger.warn('warn message')
logger.error('error message')
logger.critical('critical message')
配置文件:
[loggers]
keys=root,simpleExample
[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler
[formatters]
keys=simpleFormatter
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler
[logger_simpleExample]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler
qualname=simpleExample
propagate=0
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=simpleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)
[formatter_simpleFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=
输出:
$ python simple_logging_config.py
2005-03-19 15:38:55,977 - simpleExample - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:38:55,979 - simpleExample - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,054 - simpleExample - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,055 - simpleExample - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:38:56,130 - simpleExample - CRITICAL - critical message
日志格式
%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
%(thread)d: 打印线程ID
%(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
%(process)d: 打印进程ID
%(message)s: 打印日志信息
流程图

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