UDP 套接字是可以使用 connect 系统调用连接到指定的地址的。从此以后,这个套接字只会接收来自这个地址的数据,而且可以使用 send 系统调用直接发数据而不用指定地址。可以再次调用 connect 来连接到别的地方。但是在 Python 里,一旦调用 connect 之后,就再也回不到最初的能够接收从任意地址来的数据的状态了!
这是 Python 的 API 限制,没办法给 connect 方法传递到 AF_UNSPEC 地址簇(在 C 代码里写死了的)。C 里边就可以做到的(代码来自这里):
int disconnect_udp_sock(int fd) {
struct sockaddr_in sin;
memset((char *)&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_UNSPEC;
return (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)));
}
不过既然是 Python 的限制,拿 ctypes 就可以绕过了嘛,有些麻烦就是了:
from ctypes import CDLL, create_string_buffer
def disconnect(sock):
libc = CDLL("libc.so.6")
buf = create_string_buffer(16) # sizeof struct sockaddr_in
libc.connect(sock.fileno(), buf, 16)
AF_UNSPEC 的值是 0,所以把一个和 struct sockaddr_in 一样长的全零缓冲区传给 connect 就可以了 :-)

ThedifferencebetweenaforloopandawhileloopinPythonisthataforloopisusedwhenthenumberofiterationsisknowninadvance,whileawhileloopisusedwhenaconditionneedstobecheckedrepeatedlywithoutknowingthenumberofiterations.1)Forloopsareidealforiteratingoversequence

In Python, for loops are suitable for cases where the number of iterations is known, while loops are suitable for cases where the number of iterations is unknown and more control is required. 1) For loops are suitable for traversing sequences, such as lists, strings, etc., with concise and Pythonic code. 2) While loops are more appropriate when you need to control the loop according to conditions or wait for user input, but you need to pay attention to avoid infinite loops. 3) In terms of performance, the for loop is slightly faster, but the difference is usually not large. Choosing the right loop type can improve the efficiency and readability of your code.

In Python, lists can be merged through five methods: 1) Use operators, which are simple and intuitive, suitable for small lists; 2) Use extend() method to directly modify the original list, suitable for lists that need to be updated frequently; 3) Use list analytical formulas, concise and operational on elements; 4) Use itertools.chain() function to efficient memory and suitable for large data sets; 5) Use * operators and zip() function to be suitable for scenes where elements need to be paired. Each method has its specific uses and advantages and disadvantages, and the project requirements and performance should be taken into account when choosing.

Forloopsareusedwhenthenumberofiterationsisknown,whilewhileloopsareuseduntilaconditionismet.1)Forloopsareidealforsequenceslikelists,usingsyntaxlike'forfruitinfruits:print(fruit)'.2)Whileloopsaresuitableforunknowniterationcounts,e.g.,'whilecountdown>

ToconcatenatealistoflistsinPython,useextend,listcomprehensions,itertools.chain,orrecursivefunctions.1)Extendmethodisstraightforwardbutverbose.2)Listcomprehensionsareconciseandefficientforlargerdatasets.3)Itertools.chainismemory-efficientforlargedatas

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!
