search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial收藏整理的一些Python常用方法和技巧

1. 逆转字符串的三种方法
1.1. 模拟C++中方法, 定义一个空字符串来实现
通过设置一个空字符串, 然后讲参数中的字符串从后往前遍历, 使用字符串的加法合并为新的字符串

复制代码 代码如下:

def reverse(text) :
    str = ''
    index = len(text) - 1
    while index >= 0 :
        str += text[index]
        index -= 1
    return str

1.2. 使用切片法
这个是Python中的一个特性, 切片可以取负值,这是采用切片的方法,设置步长为-1,这样就实现了反过来排序。
复制代码 代码如下:

def reverse_1(text) :
    return text[::-1]

1.3. 使用列表

采用列表的reverse方法,先将text转换为列表,然后通过reverse方法反转,然后在通过join连接为字符串。

复制代码 代码如下:

def reverse_2(text) :
    temp = list(text)
    temp.reverse()
    return ''.join(temp)

2. 使用reduce
使用匿名函数和reduce()
复制代码 代码如下:

def reverse_3(text) :
    return reduce(lambda x, y : y + x, text)
print reverse_3("Hello")

3. 遍历字典的四种方法

复制代码 代码如下:

dict={"a":"apple","b":"banana","o":"orange"}
 
print "##########dict######################"
for i in dict:
        print "dict[%s]=" % i,dict[i]
 
print "###########items#####################"
for (k,v) in  dict.items():
        print "dict[%s]=" % k,v
 
print "###########iteritems#################"
for k,v in dict.iteritems():
        print "dict[%s]=" % k,v
 
print "###########iterkeys,itervalues#######"
for k,v in zip(dict.iterkeys(),dict.itervalues()):
        print "dict[%s]=" % k,v

4. 遍历list的三种方法
复制代码 代码如下:

for key in lst :
    print key
   
for i in range(len(lst)) :
    print lst[i]
for index, key in enumerate(lst) :
    print key    //index是list的索引

5. 字典排序的方法
字典按照value的值从大到小的顺序来排序(默认从小到排序)。
复制代码 代码如下:

dic = {'a':31, 'bc':5, 'c':3, 'asd':4, 'aa':74, 'd':0}
dict= sorted(dic.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse = True)
print dict
//输出的结果:
[('aa', 74), ('a', 31), ('bc', 5), ('asd', 4), ('c', 3), ('d', 0)]

下面我们分解下代码
print dic.iteritems() 得到[(键,值)]的列表。
然后用sorted方法,通过key这个参数,指定排序是按照value,也就是第一个元素d[1的值来排序。reverse = True表示是需要翻转的,默认是从小到大,翻转的话,那就是从大到小。
对字典按键(key)排序:

复制代码 代码如下:

dic = {'a':31, 'bc':5, 'c':3, 'asd':4, 'aa':74, 'd':0}
dict= sorted(dic.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[0]) # d[0]表示字典的键
print dict
#sorted中第三个可选参数为reverse, True表示从大到小排序
#默认reverse = False

6. 子类和父类
子类构造函数调用父类的初始化构造函数

复制代码 代码如下:

class A(object) :
    def __init__(self) :
        print  "testA
class B(A) :
    def __init__(self) :
        A.__init__(self)

子类调用父类的同名函数
复制代码 代码如下:

super().fuleifunction()

7. 更灵活的参数传递方式
复制代码 代码如下:

func2(a=1, b=2, c=3) #默认参数
func3(*args)         #接受任意数量的参数, 以tuple的方式传入
func4(**kargs)       #把参数以键值对字典的形式传入

在变量前加上星号前缀(*),调用时的参数会存储在一个 tuple()对象中,赋值给形参。在函数内部,需要对参数进行处理时,只要对这个 tuple 类型的形参(这里是 args)进行操作就可以了。因此,函数在定义时并不需要指明参数个数,就可以处理任意参数个数的情况。

复制代码 代码如下:

def calcSum(*args):
    sum = 0
    for i in args:
        sum += i
        print sum
#调用:
calcSum(1,2,3)
calcSum(123,456)
calcSum()
#输出:
6
579
0
#################################
def printAll(**kargs):
    for k in kargs:
    print k, ':', kargs[k]
printAll(a=1, b=2, c=3)
printAll(x=4, y=5)
#输出:
a : 1
c : 3
b : 2
y : 5
x : 4

python的中参数可以多种形式进行组合, 在混合使用时,首先要注意函数的写法,必须遵守:

1.带有默认值的形参(arg=)须在无默认值的形参(arg)之后
2.元组参数(*args)须在带有默认值的形参(arg=)之后
3.字典参数(**kargs)须在元组参数(*args)之后

在函数被调用时,参数的传递过程为:

1.按顺序把无指定参数的实参赋值给形参
2.把指定参数名称(arg=v)的实参赋值给对应的形参
3.将多余的无指定参数的实参打包成一个 tuple 传递给元组参数(*args)
4.将多余的指定参数名的实参打包成一个 dict 传递给字典参数(**kargs)

8. lambda 表达式
lambda 表达式可以看做一种匿名函数
    lambda 表达式的语法格式:
    lambda 参数列表: 表达式   #参数列表周围没有括号,返回值前没有 return 关键字,也没有函数名称

复制代码 代码如下:

def fn(x):
    return lambda y: x + y
#调用
a = fn(2)
print a(3)
#输出
5

分析
: fn(2)调用后, 相当于a = lambda y: 2 + y, 然后a(3)被调用时.
相当于 print lambda y: 2 + 3

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Learning Python: Is 2 Hours of Daily Study Sufficient?Learning Python: Is 2 Hours of Daily Study Sufficient?Apr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Is it enough to learn Python for two hours a day? It depends on your goals and learning methods. 1) Develop a clear learning plan, 2) Select appropriate learning resources and methods, 3) Practice and review and consolidate hands-on practice and review and consolidate, and you can gradually master the basic knowledge and advanced functions of Python during this period.

Python for Web Development: Key ApplicationsPython for Web Development: Key ApplicationsApr 18, 2025 am 12:20 AM

Key applications of Python in web development include the use of Django and Flask frameworks, API development, data analysis and visualization, machine learning and AI, and performance optimization. 1. Django and Flask framework: Django is suitable for rapid development of complex applications, and Flask is suitable for small or highly customized projects. 2. API development: Use Flask or DjangoRESTFramework to build RESTfulAPI. 3. Data analysis and visualization: Use Python to process data and display it through the web interface. 4. Machine Learning and AI: Python is used to build intelligent web applications. 5. Performance optimization: optimized through asynchronous programming, caching and code

Python vs. C  : Exploring Performance and EfficiencyPython vs. C : Exploring Performance and EfficiencyApr 18, 2025 am 12:20 AM

Python is better than C in development efficiency, but C is higher in execution performance. 1. Python's concise syntax and rich libraries improve development efficiency. 2.C's compilation-type characteristics and hardware control improve execution performance. When making a choice, you need to weigh the development speed and execution efficiency based on project needs.

Python in Action: Real-World ExamplesPython in Action: Real-World ExamplesApr 18, 2025 am 12:18 AM

Python's real-world applications include data analytics, web development, artificial intelligence and automation. 1) In data analysis, Python uses Pandas and Matplotlib to process and visualize data. 2) In web development, Django and Flask frameworks simplify the creation of web applications. 3) In the field of artificial intelligence, TensorFlow and PyTorch are used to build and train models. 4) In terms of automation, Python scripts can be used for tasks such as copying files.

Python's Main Uses: A Comprehensive OverviewPython's Main Uses: A Comprehensive OverviewApr 18, 2025 am 12:18 AM

Python is widely used in data science, web development and automation scripting fields. 1) In data science, Python simplifies data processing and analysis through libraries such as NumPy and Pandas. 2) In web development, the Django and Flask frameworks enable developers to quickly build applications. 3) In automated scripts, Python's simplicity and standard library make it ideal.

The Main Purpose of Python: Flexibility and Ease of UseThe Main Purpose of Python: Flexibility and Ease of UseApr 17, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Python's flexibility is reflected in multi-paradigm support and dynamic type systems, while ease of use comes from a simple syntax and rich standard library. 1. Flexibility: Supports object-oriented, functional and procedural programming, and dynamic type systems improve development efficiency. 2. Ease of use: The grammar is close to natural language, the standard library covers a wide range of functions, and simplifies the development process.

Python: The Power of Versatile ProgrammingPython: The Power of Versatile ProgrammingApr 17, 2025 am 12:09 AM

Python is highly favored for its simplicity and power, suitable for all needs from beginners to advanced developers. Its versatility is reflected in: 1) Easy to learn and use, simple syntax; 2) Rich libraries and frameworks, such as NumPy, Pandas, etc.; 3) Cross-platform support, which can be run on a variety of operating systems; 4) Suitable for scripting and automation tasks to improve work efficiency.

Learning Python in 2 Hours a Day: A Practical GuideLearning Python in 2 Hours a Day: A Practical GuideApr 17, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Yes, learn Python in two hours a day. 1. Develop a reasonable study plan, 2. Select the right learning resources, 3. Consolidate the knowledge learned through practice. These steps can help you master Python in a short time.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Will R.E.P.O. Have Crossplay?
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use