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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial使用Python脚本生成随机IP的简单方法


需求

在某应用中,需要根据一定的规则生成随机的IP地址,规则类似于192.168.11.0/24这样的CIDR形式给出。
实现

经过艰苦卓绝的调试,下面的代码是可以用的:

RANDOM_IP_POOL=['192.168.10.222/0']
def __get_random_ip():
  str_ip = RANDOM_IP_POOL[random.randint(0,len(RANDOM_IP_POOL) - 1)]
  str_ip_addr = str_ip.split('/')[0]
  str_ip_mask = str_ip.split('/')[1]
  ip_addr = struct.unpack('>I',socket.inet_aton(str_ip_addr))[0]
  mask = 0x0
  for i in range(31, 31 - int(str_ip_mask), -1):
    mask = mask | ( 1 << i)
  ip_addr_min = ip_addr & (mask & 0xffffffff)
  ip_addr_max = ip_addr | (~mask & 0xffffffff)
  return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('>I', random.randint(ip_addr_min, ip_addr_max)))

生成的结果如:

 192.168.10.175  192.168.10.29  
 192.168.10.30  192.168.10.207 
 192.168.10.248  192.168.10.145 
 192.168.10.168  192.168.10.223 
 192.168.10.66  192.168.10.138 
 192.168.10.99  192.168.10.136 
 192.168.10.147  192.168.10.244 
 192.168.10.73  192.168.10.180 

备注

(mask & 0xffffffff)这一用法,目的在于消除mask上32位以上的高位数据。由于mask是IPv4的掩码,所以不需要32位以上的数据。这一问题在mask取反之后比较明显。由于mask是一个32位以上的数(有可能是64位),取反之后,高位全部为1,计算的结果就不正确了。因此,在使用之前,需要利用(mask & 0xffffffff)清除高位。

供各位读者参考。

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