需求
在某应用中,需要根据一定的规则生成随机的IP地址,规则类似于192.168.11.0/24这样的CIDR形式给出。
实现
经过艰苦卓绝的调试,下面的代码是可以用的:
RANDOM_IP_POOL=['192.168.10.222/0'] def __get_random_ip(): str_ip = RANDOM_IP_POOL[random.randint(0,len(RANDOM_IP_POOL) - 1)] str_ip_addr = str_ip.split('/')[0] str_ip_mask = str_ip.split('/')[1] ip_addr = struct.unpack('>I',socket.inet_aton(str_ip_addr))[0] mask = 0x0 for i in range(31, 31 - int(str_ip_mask), -1): mask = mask | ( 1 << i) ip_addr_min = ip_addr & (mask & 0xffffffff) ip_addr_max = ip_addr | (~mask & 0xffffffff) return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('>I', random.randint(ip_addr_min, ip_addr_max)))
生成的结果如:
192.168.10.175 192.168.10.29 192.168.10.30 192.168.10.207 192.168.10.248 192.168.10.145 192.168.10.168 192.168.10.223 192.168.10.66 192.168.10.138 192.168.10.99 192.168.10.136 192.168.10.147 192.168.10.244 192.168.10.73 192.168.10.180
备注
(mask & 0xffffffff)这一用法,目的在于消除mask上32位以上的高位数据。由于mask是IPv4的掩码,所以不需要32位以上的数据。这一问题在mask取反之后比较明显。由于mask是一个32位以上的数(有可能是64位),取反之后,高位全部为1,计算的结果就不正确了。因此,在使用之前,需要利用(mask & 0xffffffff)清除高位。
供各位读者参考。

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