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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorialpython文件与目录操作实例详解

本文实例分析了python文件与目录操作的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

关于python文件操作的详细说明,大家可以参考前一篇《python文件操作相关知识点总结整理》

官方API:os-Miscellaneous operating system interfaces

下面是demo示例:

import re
import os
import time
#图片文件路径
image_path = 'E:\\test\\20130627_140132Hongten.jpg'
#文件夹路径
dir_path = 'E:\\test\\hongten'
#文件路径
file_abs_path = 'E:\\test\\hongten.txt'
#得到当前工作空间目录
def getcwd():
  return os.getcwd()
#获取指定文件夹下面的所有文件及文件夹
#如果指定的文件夹不存在,则返回相应的提示信息
def listdir(dir_path):
  if os.path.exists(dir_path):
    return os.listdir(dir_path)
  else:
    return '目录'+ dir_path + '不存在'
def isfile(file_path):
  if os.path.exists(file_path):
    return os.path.isfile(file_path)
  else:
    return '文件'+ dir_path + '不存在'
if __name__ == '__main__':
  print('当前的工作空间是:{0}'.format(getcwd()))
  print('当前的工作空间下的文件及目录:',listdir(getcwd()))
  print('#' * 40)
  print(listdir('c:\\test'))
  print('#' * 40)
  print(isfile(image_path))
  print('#' * 40)
  array = os.path.split(image_path)
  print(array)
  #文件全名:20130627_140132Hongten.jpg
  file_full_name = array[1]
  name = os.path.splitext(file_full_name)
  #文件名:20130627_140132Hongten
  file_name = name[0]
  #文件后缀:.jpg
  file_ext = name[1]
  print('文件全名:{0},文件名:{1},文件后缀:{2}'.format(file_full_name,file_name,file_ext))
  print('#' * 40)
  #创建空文件夹
  #os.mkdir('E:\\mydir')
  #创建多级目录
  #os.makedirs(r'E:\\bb\\cc')
  print('#' * 40)
  #打开一个文件
  fp = open(file_abs_path,'w+')
  #print('读取文件:{0}的第一行:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readline()))
  #把文件每一行作为一个list的一个成员,并返回这个list。其实它的内部是通过循环调用readline()来实现的。
  #如果提供size参数,size是表示读取内容的总长,也就是说可能只读到文件的一部分。
  #print('读取文件:{0}所有内容:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readlines()))
  content = 'this is a test message!!\ngood boy!\ngogo......\nhello,I\'m Hongten\nwelcome to my space!'
  fp.write(content)
  fp.flush()
  fp.close()
  fp = open(file_abs_path,'r+')
  print('读取文件:{0}所有内容:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readlines()))

运行效果:

Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
当前的工作空间是:D:\Python33\workspace
当前的工作空间下的文件及目录: ['rename.py', 'test_annotation.py', 'test_class.py', 'test_exception.py', 'test_exit.py', 'test_file.py', 'test_getA.py', 'test_hello.py', 'test_import.py', 'test_input.py', 'test_loops.py', 'test_myclass.py', 'test_os.py', 'test_range.py', 'test_str.py', 'test_string.py', 'test_while.py', 'test_with.py']
########################################
目录c:\test不存在
########################################
True
########################################
('E:\\test', '20130627_140132Hongten.jpg')
文件全名:20130627_140132Hongten.jpg,文件名:20130627_140132Hongten,文件后缀:.jpg
########################################
########################################
读取文件:E:\test\hongten.txt所有内容:['this is a test message!!\n', 'good boy!\n', 'gogo......\n', "hello,I'm Hongten\n", 'welcome to my space!']
>>> 

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。

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