Oracle关于时间/日期的操作
在oracle中有很多关于日期的函数,如:1、add_months()用于从一个日期值增加或减少一些月份
date_value:=add_months(date_value,number_of_months)
例:
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,12) "Next Year" from dual;
Next Year
----------
13-11月-04
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,112) "Last Year" from dual;
Last Year
----------
13-3月 -13
SQL>
2、current_date()返回当前会放时区中的当前日期
date_value:=current_date
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_date from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DA
--------------- ----------
+08:00 13-11月-03
SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00'
2 /
会话已更改。
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11月-03 04.59.13.668000 下午 -11:
00
SQL>
3、current_timestamp()以timestamp with time zone数据类型返回当前会放时区中的当前日期
timestamp_with_time_zone_value:=current_timestamp([timestamp_precision])
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> column current_timestamp format a36
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
+08:00 13-11月-03 11.56.28.160000 上午 +08:
00
SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00'
2 /
会话已更改。
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11月-03 04.58.00.243000 下午 -11:
00
SQL>
4、dbtimezone()返回时区
varchar_value:=dbtimezone
SQL> select dbtimezone from dual;
DBTIME
------
-07:00
SQL>
5、extract()找出日期或间隔值的字段值
date_value:=extract(date_field from [datetime_value|interval_value])
SQL> select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month" from dual;
This Month
----------
11
SQL> select extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) "3 Years Out" from dual;
3 Years Out
-----------
2006
SQL>
6、last_day()返回包含了日期参数的月份的最后一天的日期
date_value:=last_day(date_value)
SQL> select last_day(date'2000-02-01') "Leap Yr?" from dual;
Leap Yr?
----------
29-2月 -00
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) "Last day of this month" from dual;
Last day o
----------
30-11月-03
SQL>
7、localtimestamp()返回会话中的日期和时间
timestamp_value:=localtimestamp
SQL> column localtimestamp format a28
SQL> select localtimestamp from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------------------------
13-11月-03 12.09.15.433000
下午
SQL> select localtimestamp,current_timestamp from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------- ------------------------------------
13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 下午 +08:
下午 00
SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00';
会话已更改。
SQL> select localtimestamp,to_char(sysdate,'DD-MM-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM') "SYSDATE" from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP SYSDATE
---------------------------- ------------------------
12-11月-03 05.11.31.259000 13-11-2003 12:11:31 下午
下午
SQL>
8、months_between()判断两个日期之间的月份数量
number_value:=months_between(date_value,date_value)
SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'1971-05-18') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'1971-05-18')
----------------------------------------
389.855143
SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'2001-01-01') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'2001-01-01')
----------------------------------------
34.4035409
SQL>
9、next_day()给定一个日期值,返回由第二个参数指出的日子第一次出现在的日期值(应返回相应日子的名称字符串)
说明:
单行日期函数
单行日期函数操作data数据类型,绝大多数都有data数据类型的参数,绝大多数返回的也是data数据类型的值。
10、add_months(,)
返回日期d加上i个月后的结果。i可以使任意整数。如果i是一个小数,那么数据库将隐式的他转换成整数,将会截去小数点后面的部分。
11、last_day()
函数返回包含日期d的月份的最后一天
12、months_between(,)
返回d1和d2之间月的数目,如果d1和d2的日的日期都相同,或者都使该月的最后一天,那么将返回一个整数,否则会返回的结果将包含一个分数。
13、new_time(,,)
d1是一个日期数据类型,当时区tz1中的日期和时间是d时,返回时区tz2中的日期和时间。tz1和tz2时字符串。
14、next_day(,)
返回日期d后由dow给出的条件的第一天,dow使用当前会话中给出的语言指定了一周中的某一天,返回的时间分量与d的时间分量相同。
select next_day(''01-jan-2000'',''monday'') "1st monday",next_day(''01-nov-2004'',''tuesday'')+7 "2nd tuesday") from dual;1st monday 2nd tuesday03-jan-2000 09-nov-2004
15、round([,])
将日期d按照fmt指定的格式舍入,fmt为字符串。
16、syadate
函数没有参数,返回当前日期和时间。
17、trunc([,])
返回由fmt指定的单位的日期d.
单行转换函数
单行转换函数用于操作多数据类型,在数据类型之间进行转换。
18、chartorwid()
c 使一个字符串,函数将c转换为rwid数据类型。
select test_id from test_case where rowid=chartorwid(''aaaa0saacaaaaliaaa'')
19、convert(,[,])
c尾字符串,dset、sset是两个字符集,函数将字符串c由sset字符集转换为dset字符集,sset的缺省设置为数据库的字符集。
20、hextoraw()
x为16进制的字符串,函数将16进制的x转换为raw数据类型。
21、rawtohex()
x是raw数据类型字符串,函数将raw数据类转换为16进制的数据类型。
22、rowidtochar()
函数将rowid数据类型转换为char数据类型。
23、to_char([[,)
x是一个data或number数据类型,函数将x转换成fmt指定格式的char数据类型,如果x为日期nlsparm=nls_date_language 控制返回的月份和日份所使用的语言。如果x为数字nlsparm=nls_numeric_characters 用来指定小数位和千分位的分隔符,以及货币符号。
nls_numeric_characters ="dg", nls_currency="string"
24、to_date([,[,)
c表示字符串,fmt表示一种特殊格式的字符串。返回按照fmt格式显示的c,nlsparm表示使用的语言。函数将字符串c转换成date数据类型。
25、to_multi_byte()
c表示一个字符串,函数将c的担子截字符转换成多字节字符。
26、to_number([,[,)
c表示字符串,fmt表示一个特殊格式的字符串,函数返回值按照fmt指定的格式显示。nlsparm表示语言,函数将返回c代表的数字。
27、to_single_byte()
将字符串c中得多字节字符转化成等价的单字节字符。该函数仅当数据库字符集同时包含单字节和多字节字符时才使用。
1.日期时间间隔操作
当前时间减去7分钟的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual
当前时间减去7小时的时间
select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual
当前时间减去7天的时间
select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual
当前时间减去7月的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual
当前时间减去7年的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual
时间间隔乘以一个数字
select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual
2.日期到字符操作
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual
参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
3. 字符到日期操作
select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用
select trunc(sysdate ,'YEAR') from dual
select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,'YYYY'),'YYYY') from dual
5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型
--返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
select to_char(current_timestamp(5),'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') from dual;
--返回当前 时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
select to_char(current_timestamp(9),'MI:SSxFF') from dual;
6.计算程序运行的时间(ms)
declare
type rc is ref cursor;
l_rc rc;
l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
begin
for I in 1 .. 1000
loop
open l_rc for
'select object_name from all_objects '||
'where object_id = ' || i;
fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
close l_rc;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line
( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||
' seconds...' );
end;

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