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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialsqlserver exists,not exists的用法

exists,not exists的使用方法示例,需要的朋友可以参考下。

学生表:create table student<br>(<br> id number(8) primary key,<br> name varchar2(10),deptment number(8)<br>)
选课表:create table select_course<br>(<br>  ID         NUMBER(8) primary key,<br>  STUDENT_ID NUMBER(8) foreign key (COURSE_ID) references course(ID),<br>  COURSE_ID  NUMBER(8) foreign key (STUDENT_ID) references student(ID)<br>)
课程表:create table COURSE<br>(<br>  ID     NUMBER(8) not null,<br>  C_NAME VARCHAR2(20),<br>  C_NO   VARCHAR2(10)<br>)
student表的数据:<br>        ID NAME            DEPTMENT_ID<br>---------- --------------- -----------<br>         1 echo                   1000<br>         2 spring                 2000<br>         3 smith                  1000<br>         4 liter                  2000
course表的数据:<br>        ID C_NAME               C_NO<br>---------- -------------------- --------<br>         1 数据库               data1<br>         2 数学                 month1<br>         3 英语                 english1
select_course表的数据:<br>        ID STUDENT_ID  COURSE_ID<br>---------- ---------- ----------<br>         1          1          1<br>         2          1          2<br>         3          1          3<br>         4          2          1<br>         5          2          2<br>         6          3          2
1.查询选修了所有课程的学生id、name:(即这一个学生没有一门课程他没有选的。)
分析:如果有一门课没有选,则此时(1)select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id 
and sc.course_id=c.id存在null,
这说明(2)select * from course c 的查询结果中确实有记录不存在(1查询中),查询结果返回没有选的课程,
此时select * from t_student ts 后的not exists 判断结果为false,不执行查询。
SQL> select * from t_student ts where <br>	 (select * from course c where <br>  		(select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id and sc.course_id=c.id));        
        ID NAME            DEPTMENT_ID<br>---------- --------------- -----------<br>         1 echo                   1000
2.查询没有选择所有课程的学生,即没有全选的学生。(存在这样的一个学生,他至少有一门课没有选),
分析:只要有一个门没有选,即select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id<br>=course.id 有一条为空,即not exists null 为true,此时select * from course有查询结果(id为子查询中的course.id ),
因此select id,name from t_student 将执行查询(id为子查询中t_student.id )。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where 
	(select * from course where 
		(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
        ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br>         2 spring<br>         3 smith<br>         4 liter
3.查询一门课也没有选的学生。(不存这样的一个学生,他至少选修一门课程),
分析:如果他选修了一门select * from course结果集不为空,not exists 判断结果为false;
select id,name from t_student 不执行查询。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where 
	(select * from course where 
		(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
        ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br>         4 liter
4.查询至少选修了一门课程的学生。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where
	(select * from course where  
		(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
        ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br>         1 echo<br>         2 spring<br>         3 smith
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