使用SQL Server数据库嵌套子查询的方法
很多SQL Server程序员对子查询(subqueries)的使用感到困惑,尤其对于嵌套子查询(即子查询中包含一个子查询)。现在,就让我们追本溯源地探究这个问题。有两种子查询类型:标准和相关。标准子查询执行一次,结果反馈给父查询。相关子查询每行执行一次,由父查询找回。在本文中,我将重点讨论嵌套子查询(nested subqueries)(我将在以后介绍相关子查询)。
试想这个问题:你想生成一个卖平垫圈的销售人员列表。你需要的数据分散在四个表格中:人员.联系方式(Person.Contact),人力资源.员工(HumanResources.Employee),销售.销售订单标题(Sales.SalesOrderHeader),销售.销售订单详情(Sales.SalesOrderDetail)。在SQL Server中,你从内压式(outside-in)写程序,但从外压式(inside-out)开始考虑非常有帮助,即可以一次解决需要的一个语句。
如果从内到外写起,可以检查Sales.SalesOrderDetail表格,在LIKE语句中匹配产品数(ProductNumber)值。你将这些行与Sales.SalesOrderHeader表格连接,从中可以获得销售人员IDs(SalesPersonIDs)。然后使用SalesPersonID连接SalesPersonID表格。最后,使用ContactID连接Person.Contact表格。
代码如下:
USE AdventureWorks ;
GO
SELECT DISTINCT c.LastName, c.FirstName
FROM Person.Contact c JOIN HumanResources.Employee e
ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID WHERE EmployeeID IN
(SELECT SalesPersonID
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE SalesOrderID IN
(SELECT SalesOrderID
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail
WHERE ProductID IN
(SELECT ProductID
FROM Production.Product p
WHERE ProductNumber LIKE'FW%')));
GO
这个例子揭示了有关SQL Server的几个绝妙事情。你可以发现,可以用IN()参数替代SELECT 语句。在本例中,有两次应用,因此创建了一个嵌套子查询。
我是标准化(normalization)的发烧友,尽管我不接受其荒谬的长度。由于标准化具有各种查询而增加了复杂性。在这些情况下子查询就显得非常有用,嵌套子查询甚至更加有用。
当你需要的问题分散于很多表格中时,你必须再次将它们拼在一起,这时你可能发现嵌套子程序就很有用。

TograntpermissionstonewMySQLusers,followthesesteps:1)AccessMySQLasauserwithsufficientprivileges,2)CreateanewuserwiththeCREATEUSERcommand,3)UsetheGRANTcommandtospecifypermissionslikeSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,orALLPRIVILEGESonspecificdatabasesortables,and4)

ToaddusersinMySQLeffectivelyandsecurely,followthesesteps:1)UsetheCREATEUSERstatementtoaddanewuser,specifyingthehostandastrongpassword.2)GrantnecessaryprivilegesusingtheGRANTstatement,adheringtotheprincipleofleastprivilege.3)Implementsecuritymeasuresl

ToaddanewuserwithcomplexpermissionsinMySQL,followthesesteps:1)CreatetheuserwithCREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';.2)Grantreadaccesstoalltablesin'mydatabase'withGRANTSELECTONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost';.3)Grantwriteaccessto'

The string data types in MySQL include CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB, and TEXT. The collations determine the comparison and sorting of strings. 1.CHAR is suitable for fixed-length strings, VARCHAR is suitable for variable-length strings. 2.BINARY and VARBINARY are used for binary data, and BLOB and TEXT are used for large object data. 3. Sorting rules such as utf8mb4_unicode_ci ignores upper and lower case and is suitable for user names; utf8mb4_bin is case sensitive and is suitable for fields that require precise comparison.

The best MySQLVARCHAR column length selection should be based on data analysis, consider future growth, evaluate performance impacts, and character set requirements. 1) Analyze the data to determine typical lengths; 2) Reserve future expansion space; 3) Pay attention to the impact of large lengths on performance; 4) Consider the impact of character sets on storage. Through these steps, the efficiency and scalability of the database can be optimized.

MySQLBLOBshavelimits:TINYBLOB(255bytes),BLOB(65,535bytes),MEDIUMBLOB(16,777,215bytes),andLONGBLOB(4,294,967,295bytes).TouseBLOBseffectively:1)ConsiderperformanceimpactsandstorelargeBLOBsexternally;2)Managebackupsandreplicationcarefully;3)Usepathsinst

The best tools and technologies for automating the creation of users in MySQL include: 1. MySQLWorkbench, suitable for small to medium-sized environments, easy to use but high resource consumption; 2. Ansible, suitable for multi-server environments, simple but steep learning curve; 3. Custom Python scripts, flexible but need to ensure script security; 4. Puppet and Chef, suitable for large-scale environments, complex but scalable. Scale, learning curve and integration needs should be considered when choosing.

Yes,youcansearchinsideaBLOBinMySQLusingspecifictechniques.1)ConverttheBLOBtoaUTF-8stringwithCONVERTfunctionandsearchusingLIKE.2)ForcompressedBLOBs,useUNCOMPRESSbeforeconversion.3)Considerperformanceimpactsanddataencoding.4)Forcomplexdata,externalproc


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.
