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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql xtrabackup 备份恢复实现分享

Xtrabackup是由percona提供的mysql数据库备份工具,据官方介绍,这也是世界上惟一一款开源的能够对innodb和xtradb数据库进行热备的工具

简介
Xtrabackup是由percona提供的mysql数据库备份工具,据官方介绍,这也是世界上惟一一款开源的能够对innodb和xtradb数据库进行热备的工具。特点:
(1)备份过程快速、可靠;
(2)备份过程不会打断正在执行的事务;
(3)能够基于压缩等功能节约磁盘空间和流量;
(4)自动实现备份检验;
(5)还原速度快;
Xtrabackup中包含两个工具
* xtrabackup - 用于热备份innodb, xtradb表的工具,不能备份其他表。
* innobackupex - 对xtrabackup封装的perl脚本,提供了MyISAM表备份的能力。(能进行整库和数据表备份)。
使用innobakupex备份时,其会调用xtrabackup备份所有的InnoDB表,复制所有关于表结构定义的相关文件(.frm)、以及MyISAM、MERGE、CSV和ARCHIVE表的相关文件,
同时还会备份触发器和数据库配置信息相关的文件。这些文件会被保存至一个以时间命令的目录中。
在备份的同时,innobackupex还会在备份目录中创建如下文件:
(1)xtrabackup_checkpoints —— 备份类型(如完全或增量)、备份状态(如是否已经为prepared状态)和LSN(日志序列号)范围信息;每个InnoDB页(通常为16k大小)都会包含一个日志序列号,即LSN。LSN是整个数据库系统的系统版本号,每个页面相关的LSN能够表明此页面最近是如何发生改变的。
(2)xtrabackup_binlog_info —— mysql服务器当前正在使用的二进制日志文件及至备份这一刻为止二进制日志事件的位置。
(3)xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb —— 二进制日志文件及用于InnoDB或XtraDB表的二进制日志文件的当前position。
(4)xtrabackup_binary —— 备份中用到的xtrabackup的可执行文件;
(5)backup-my.cnf —— 备份命令用到的配置选项信息;
在使用innobackupex进行备份时,还可以使用--no-timestamp选项来阻止命令自动创建一个以时间命名的目录;innobackupex命令将会创建一个BACKUP-DIR目录来存储备份数据。
二进制版本
http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/
wget http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.3-470.tar.gz
tar zxvf percona-xtrabackup-2.0.3-470.tar.gz
cd percona-xtrabackup-2.0.3/bin
cp * /usr/bin/
本次使用的是mysql5.5.28安装在此不叙述
建一个用于数据备份的目录
mkdir -p /opt/mysql_bak/
修改数据库配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir = /home/mysql/data/
mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
整库备份:
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf /opt/mysql_bak/
单独备份:
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=test /opt/mysql_bak
备份并打包压缩
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=test --stream=tar /opt/mysql_bak/ | gzip > /opt/mysql_bak/testdb.tar.gz
带时间戳
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=test --stream=tar /opt/mysql_bak/ | gzip > /opt/mysql_bak/`date +%F`_testdb.tar.gz
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