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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql 整型(int)数字溢出在程序和数据库设计中的考虑

在数据库设计和程序中需要考虑数字的范围,否则可能导致一些问题。主要是考虑溢出的问题,比如如果数据库中有一个整型的数字字段,里面的数据可能随着业务的增长而膨胀,而这个数字有可能会超出列属性的范围,也就是溢出,与此同时,程序中也需要处理这个日益

    以下试以整型(int)抛砖引玉:

一:MySQL5

    以MySQL5版本为例,大多数管理员可能把自增数字、或者其它应用数字字段的列属性设置为int类型,int占用4个字节,而int又分为无符号型和有符号性。对于无符号型的范围是0 到 4294967295;有符号型的范围是-2147483648 到 2147483647。参考资料可见mysql手册:11.2. 数值类型.

    当要在一个数值列内保存一个超出该列允许范围的值时,MySQL的操作取决于此时有效的SQL模式。如果模式未设置,MySQL将值裁剪到范围的相应端点,并保存裁减好的值。但是,如果模式设置为traditional(“严格模式”),超出范围的值将被拒绝并提示错误,并且根据SQL标准插入会失败。请参见mysql手册5.3.2节:“SQL服务器模式”。

    如果INT列是UNSIGNED,列范围的大小相同,但其端点会变为到0和4294967295。如果你试图保存-9999999999和9999999999,以非严格模式保存到列中的值是0和4294967296。

    如果在浮点或定点列中分配的值超过指定(或默认)精度和标度规定的范围,MySQL以非严格模式保存表示范围相应端点的值。

    当MySQL没有工作在严格模式时,对于ALTER TABLE、LOAD DATA INFILE、UPDATE和多行INSERT语句,由于裁剪发生的转换将报告为警告。当MySQL工作在严格模式时,这些语句将失败,并且部分或全部值不会插入或更改,取决于是否表为事务表和其它因素。详情参见mysql手册5.3.2节:“SQL服务器模式”。
二:php5:
 
    1:整型数的字长和平台有关,PHP 不支持无符号整数。
    2:如果给定的一个数超出了 integer 的范围,将会被解释为 float。同样如果执行的运算结果超出了 integer 范围,也会返回 float。如果在程序中有对数字类型做比较,可能会产生问题。
    3:可以查看PHP_INT_SIZE、PHP_INT_MAX,以确定整数的范围。
 
以下列子可供参考:
 
在32位服务器下:


以下是代码片段:

 代码如下 复制代码
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "echo PHP_INT_SIZE;"
4
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "echo PHP_INT_MAX;"
2147483647
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(2147483647);"
int(2147483647)
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(2147483648);"
float(2147483648)
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(-2147483647);"
int(-2147483647)
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(-2147483648);"
float(-2147483648)
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(4294967295);"
float(4294967295)
[shengting@localhost ~]$ php -r "var_dump(4294967296);"
float(4294967296)

在64位服务器下:
 

以下是代码片段:

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@login shengting]# php -r "echo PHP_INT_SIZE;"
8
[root@login shengting]# php -r "echo PHP_INT_MAX;"
9223372036854775807
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(2147483647);"
int(2147483647)
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(2147483648);"
int(2147483648)
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(-2147483647);"
int(-2147483647)
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(-2147483648);"
int(-2147483648)
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(4294967295);"
int(4294967295)
[root@login shengting]# php -r "var_dump(4294967296);"
int(4294967296)
 


三:C/C++
 
    对C/C++也存在有符号和无符号类型的问题。
 
    对于32位系统,如果使用有符号int、long来定义变量保存唯一号就可能出现溢出,并出现上述问题。

    对于64位系统,如果使用int来定义变量保存唯一号就可能出现溢出,并出现上述问题

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