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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialSQL2000升级到2005

SQL2000升级到2005过程可以采用附加、恢复、DTS或脚本等多种方式,一般运用都可以顺利升迁,但升迁后数据库的用户及权限就会是个大问题,我们称之为“孤立用户”。

虽然术语“登录”和“用户”经常交换使用,但它们之间有很大的不同。登录用于用户身份验证,而数据库用户帐户用于数据库访问和权限验证。登录通过安全识别符 (SID) 与用户关联。访问 SQL Server 服务器需要登录。验证特定登录是否有效的过程称为“身份验证”。登录必须与 SQL Server 数据库用户相关联。您使用用户帐户控制数据库中执行的活动。如果数据库中不存在针对特定登录的用户帐户,使用该登录的用户即使能够连接到 SQL Server 服务器,也无法访问数据库。但是,该情形的唯一例外是当数据库包含“guest”用户帐户时。与用户帐户不关联的登录将被映射到 guest 用户。相反,如果存在数据库用户,但没有与其关联的登录,则该用户将无法登录到 SQL Server 服务器中。

将数据库恢复到其他服务器时,数据库中包含一组用户和权限,但可能没有相应的登录或者登录所关联的用户可能不是相同的用户。这种情况被称为存在“孤立用户”。

孤立用户疑难解答

  当您将数据库备份恢复到另一台服务器时,可能会遇到孤立用户的问题。以下情形说明了该问题并阐述如何加以解决。

一下是孤立用户的形成:

  1. 向主数据库添加一个登录,并将默认数据库指定为 Northwind: Use master go sp_addlogin 'test', 'password', 'Northwind'

  2. 向刚创建的用户授予访问权限: Use Northwind go sp_grantdbaccess 'test'

  3. 备份数据库。 BACKUP DATABASE Northwind
TO DISK = 'C:MSSQLBACKUPNorthwind.bak'

  4. 将数据库恢复到其他 SQL Server 服务器: RESTORE DATABASE Northwind
FROM DISK = 'C:MSSQLBACKUPNorthwind.bak'
      
  恢复的数据库包含名为“test”的用户,但没有相应的登录,这就导致“test”成为孤立用户。
  5. 现在,为了检测孤立用户,请运行此代码: Use Northwind go sp_change_users_login 'report'
      
  输出中列出了所有登录,其中包含 Northwind 数据库的 sysusers 系统表和主数据库的 sysxlogins 系统表中不匹配的条目。

解决孤立用户问题的步骤

  1. 为前一步中的孤立用户运行以下命令:

Use Northwind
go
sp_change_users_login 'update_one', 'test', 'test',null
      
  这样,就将服务器登录“test”与 Northwind 数据库用户“test”重新连接起来。

  sp_change_users_login 存储过程还可以使用“auto_fix”参数对所有孤立用户执行更新,但不推荐这样做,因为 SQL Server 会尝试按名称匹配登录和用户。大多数情况下这都是可行的;但是,如果用户与错误登录关联,该用户可能拥有错误的权限。

  2. 在上一步中运行代码后,用户就可以访问数据库了。然后用户可以使用 sp_password 存储过程更改密码: Use master
go
sp_password NULL, 'ok', 'test'
      
  此存储过程不能用于 Microsoft Windows NT 安全帐户。通过 Windows NT 网络帐户连接到 SQL Server 服务器的用户是由 Windows NT 授权的;因此,这些用户只能在 Windows NT 中更改密码。

  只有 sysadmin 角色的成员可以更改其他用户的登录密码。

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