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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialORACLE的PROFILE限制ORACLE用户

ORACLE的PROFILE限制ORACLE用户
ORACLE的PROFILE文件是限制用户使用的资源的一种手段。如:控制session或sql能使用的CPU、控制用户的密码管理策略等。
数据库创建后,系统则存在名为DEFAULT的默认PROFILE,若不做特殊指定,创建用户时用户默认使用的PROFILE就是DEFAULT。


查看视图dba_profiles可找出数据库中有哪些PROFILE。
SQL> distinct profile from dba_profiles;
PROFILE
--------------------
MONITORING_PROFILE
DEFAULT
查看所有的PROFILE
SQL> select * from dba_profiles order by PROFILE;
PROFILE              RESOURCE_NAME                  RESOURCE LIMIT
-------------------- ------------------------------ -------- ----------
DEFAULT              COMPOSITE_LIMIT                KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME             PASSWORD 1
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION       PASSWORD NULL
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX             PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME            PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME             PASSWORD 180
DEFAULT              FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS          PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              PRIVATE_SGA                    KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              CONNECT_TIME                   KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              IDLE_TIME                      KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL         KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION      KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              CPU_PER_CALL                   KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              CPU_PER_SESSION                KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              SESSIONS_PER_USER              KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT              PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME            PASSWORD 7

 

参数解释
1、对数据库资源做限制
{ { SESSIONS_PER_USER 每个用户名所允许的并行会话数
  | CPU_PER_SESSION   一个会话一共可以使用的CPU时间,单位是百分之一秒
  | CPU_PER_CALL      一次SQL调用(解析、执行和获取)允许使用的CPU时间
  | CONNECT_TIME      限制会话连接时间,单位是分钟
  | IDLE_TIME         允许空闲会话的时间,单位是分钟
  | LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION 限制会话对数据块的读取,单位是块
  | LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL    限制SQL调用对数据块的读取,单位是块
  | COMPOSITE_LIMIT   “组合打法”
  }   { integer | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT }
  | PRIVATE_SGA   限制会话在SGA中Shared Pool中私有空间的分配  { size_clause | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT}
}
2、对密码做限制
{ { FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 帐户被锁定之前可以错误尝试的次数
  | PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME    密码可以被使用的天数,单位是天,默认值180天
  | PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME   密码可重用的间隔时间(结合PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX)
  | PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX    密码的最大改变次数(结合PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME)
  | PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME    超过错误尝试次数后,用户被锁定的天数,默认1天
  | PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME   当密码过期之后还有多少天可以使用原密码
  }  { expr | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT }
  | PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION  { function | NULL | DEFAULT }
}

 

修改profile:alter profile [资源文件名] limit [资源名] unlimited;
如:alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts 100;

 

删除PROFILE:drop profile [资源文件名] [CASCADE] ;
若创建的PROFILE已经授权给了某个用户,使用CASCADE级联收回相应的限制,收回限制信息后将以系统默认的PROFILE对该用户进行限制。

 

设置PROFILE参数的生效时间
1、用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关密码的限制立即生效,不受限制。从这个可看出Oracle对用户密码的重视程度。

2、用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关资源的限制与resource_limit参数的设置有关,当为TRUE时生效,当为FALSE时(默认值)设置任何值都无效。
SQL> show parameter resource_limit
NAME                 TYPE        VALUE
-------------------- ----------- -------
resource_limit       boolean     FALSE


其他:
1、设置SQL列显示宽度:col 列名 for 大小;
如col username for a20;
2、权限控制的策略在使用前一定要做好充分的测试,确保透彻理解每一条限制规则,另外将每一步的限制规则记录到一个特定的数据库维护手册中。

 

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