ORACLE的PROFILE限制ORACLE用户
ORACLE的PROFILE文件是限制用户使用的资源的一种手段。如:控制session或sql能使用的CPU、控制用户的密码管理策略等。
数据库创建后,系统则存在名为DEFAULT的默认PROFILE,若不做特殊指定,创建用户时用户默认使用的PROFILE就是DEFAULT。
查看视图dba_profiles可找出数据库中有哪些PROFILE。
SQL> distinct profile from dba_profiles;
PROFILE
--------------------
MONITORING_PROFILE
DEFAULT
查看所有的PROFILE
SQL> select * from dba_profiles order by PROFILE;
PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT
-------------------- ------------------------------ -------- ----------
DEFAULT COMPOSITE_LIMIT KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME PASSWORD 1
DEFAULT PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION PASSWORD NULL
DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD 180
DEFAULT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT PRIVATE_SGA KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT CONNECT_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT IDLE_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT CPU_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT CPU_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT SESSIONS_PER_USER KERNEL UNLIMITED
DEFAULT PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME PASSWORD 7
参数解释
1、对数据库资源做限制
{ { SESSIONS_PER_USER 每个用户名所允许的并行会话数
| CPU_PER_SESSION 一个会话一共可以使用的CPU时间,单位是百分之一秒
| CPU_PER_CALL 一次SQL调用(解析、执行和获取)允许使用的CPU时间
| CONNECT_TIME 限制会话连接时间,单位是分钟
| IDLE_TIME 允许空闲会话的时间,单位是分钟
| LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION 限制会话对数据块的读取,单位是块
| LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL 限制SQL调用对数据块的读取,单位是块
| COMPOSITE_LIMIT “组合打法”
} { integer | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT }
| PRIVATE_SGA 限制会话在SGA中Shared Pool中私有空间的分配 { size_clause | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT}
}
2、对密码做限制
{ { FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 帐户被锁定之前可以错误尝试的次数
| PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 密码可以被使用的天数,单位是天,默认值180天
| PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 密码可重用的间隔时间(结合PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX)
| PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 密码的最大改变次数(结合PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME)
| PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 超过错误尝试次数后,用户被锁定的天数,默认1天
| PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 当密码过期之后还有多少天可以使用原密码
} { expr | UNLIMITED | DEFAULT }
| PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION { function | NULL | DEFAULT }
}
修改profile:alter profile [资源文件名] limit [资源名] unlimited;
如:alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts 100;
删除PROFILE:drop profile [资源文件名] [CASCADE] ;
若创建的PROFILE已经授权给了某个用户,使用CASCADE级联收回相应的限制,收回限制信息后将以系统默认的PROFILE对该用户进行限制。
设置PROFILE参数的生效时间
1、用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关密码的限制立即生效,不受限制。从这个可看出Oracle对用户密码的重视程度。
2、用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关资源的限制与resource_limit参数的设置有关,当为TRUE时生效,当为FALSE时(默认值)设置任何值都无效。
SQL> show parameter resource_limit
NAME TYPE VALUE
-------------------- ----------- -------
resource_limit boolean FALSE
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如col username for a20;
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