oracle中 exists 与 in效率及其用法
用not exists 代替not in
* from tsp_product p where not exists(select '' from tsp_orderitem i where p.id=i.product_id)
select * from tsp_product p where id not in(select product_id from tsp_orderitem i where p.id=i.product_id)
用exists 代替in
select * from tsp_product p where p.id in(select product_id from tsp_orderitem )
select * from tsp_product p where exists(select 'x' from tsp_orderitem i where p.id =i.product_id )
下面来分析为什么用用not exists 代替not in
有两个简单例子,以说明 “exists”和“in”的效率问题
1) select * from t1 where exists(select 1 from t2 where t1.a=t2.a) ;
t1数据量小而t2数据量非常大时,t1
2) select * from t1 where t1.a in (select t2.a from t2) ;
t1数据量非常大而t2数据量小时,t1>>t2 时,2) 的查询效率高。
union
把两张表的数据合起来,如有重复行,只取一行
union all
把两张表的数据合起来,不过滤重复行
minus
返回在第一个查询结果中与第二个查询结果不相同的那部分行记录。
oracle有这样的一些约定
1.select语句必须返回相同的列数,如果列数不同的话,可以选择串代替列。
2.select语句中相应的列必须有相同的数据类型,长度可以不同
rollup
统计:select sum(s.totalamount),to_char(createdate,'yyyy-mm') from tsp_orders s group by rollup(to_char(createdate,'yyyy-mm')
connect by
select level,a. * from tsp_area a start with parent_id is null connect by prior id = parent_id
说明:创建类似树报表。
prior 强制报表的顺序变为从根到叶(如果prior是父辈)或从叶到根(如果prior是后代)
虽然where子句可以人树排除上体,但无法排除他们的子孙子(或者祖先,如果prior在等号的右边)
详细看看它他的区别
exists 用法:
请注意 1)句中的有颜色字体的部分 ,理解其含义;
其中 “select 1 from t2 where t1.a=t2.a” 相当于一个关联表查询,相当于
“select 1 from t1,t2 where t1.a=t2.a”
但是,如果你当当执行 1) 句括号里的语句,是会报语法错误的,这也是使用exists需要注意的地方。
“exists(xxx)”就表示括号里的语句能不能查出记录,它要查的记录是否存在。
因此“select 1”这里的 “1”其实是无关紧要的,换成“*”也没问题,它只在乎括号里的数据能不能查找出来,是否存在这样的记录,如果存在,这 1) 句的where 条件成立。
in 的用法:
继续引用上面的例子
“2) select * from t1 where t1.a in (select t2.a from t2) ”
这里的“in”后面括号里的语句搜索出来的字段的内容一定要相对应,一般来说,t1和t2这两个表的a字段表达的意义应该是一样的,否则这样查没什么意义。
打个比方:t1,t2表都有一个字段,表示工单号,但是t1表示工单号的字段名叫“ticketid”,t2则为“id”,但是其表达的意义是一样的,而且数据格式也是一样的。这时,用 2)的写法就可以这样:
“select * from t1 where t1.ticketid in (select t2.id from t2) ”
select name from employee where name not in (select name from student);
select name from employee where not exists (select name from student);

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