说明:准备工作主要是增加ORACLE 的用户及组,改变一些系统参数文件。
1、 #vi /etc/passwd 最后一行加 oracle::9722:643:oracle:/ORACLE_HOME:/bin/csh
(增加oracle用户/或者用useradd)
2、 #vi /etc/group 最后一行后加 dba::643:oracle
(增加oracle的组/或者用groupadd)
3、#passwd oracle 敲两次口令,给oracle用户标明密码
4、 在根 / 下 #chown oracle oracle #chgrp dba oracle
5、 #cp .cshrc /oracle 把根下的这两个文件拷贝到 /oracle 路径下
6、 #cd oracle #chown oracle .* 把拷贝过来的隐含文件变成oracle属组 #chgrp dba .*
7、 #vi /etc/services 最后增加两行 orasrv 1525/tcp oracle listener 1521/tcp
8、 #vi /etc/system 在set后增加一段
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=70
9、 #su - oracle
10、 %vi .cshrc 增加一段
set path=( /oracle/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/openwin/bin /oracle /etc /usr/ccs/bin . )
setenv ORACLE_HOME /oracle
setenv ORACLE_SID oracle8
#setenv DISPLAY 10.1.1.110:0.0
setenv NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16CGB231280
#setenv NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
说明:加#为可选的参数, 10.1.1.110是用PC机运行EXTRAX登录服务器所配置的。
11、#sync;sync;reboot Sun OS重启,使参数生效
二、安装 ORACLE
1 、插入ORACLE 安装光盘
#/etc/init.d/volmgt stop
#/etc/init.d/volmgt start
%volcheck
%df -k 检查有无cdrom的设备
2、 %cd /cdrom/cdrom0 %./runInstaller 出现 ORACLE Universal Installer的安装窗口,按Next键继续
3、Destination框输入将要安装oracle的目录,接着出现弹出窗口要求用root运行/tmp/orainstRoot.sh (它创建oraInventory的安装目录) 接着选择要安装的产品ORACLE8I 8.1.5
4、选typical或custom安装,注意屏幕上端Language按钮,选Chinese语言。
5、接着出现将要安装ORACLE产品的全部信息,如果有不对的地方可以按Perious按钮返回修改。如果确认无误,按Next,ORACLE开始安装。
6、安装成功100%后又回到开始的选项菜单。/oracle/orainst/install.log 安装日志文件最后提示OK
7、弹出Setup Privileges窗口,要求用root运行 #/oracle/root.sh
Are these setting correct (y/n):敲 y Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory (y/n): 敲/bin (此shell 程序在/var/opt/oracle路径下生成一个文件oratab ,并做系统检测)
8、 #vi /var/opt/oracle/oratab 最后一行改 oracle8:/oracle:Y
9、#vi /var/opt/oracle/listener.ora 改 host= (host_name) oraclehome= (/oracle)
例子: listener=(address_list=
(address=(protocol=tcp)
(port=1521)
(host=joe)))
sid_list_listener=(sid_list=
(sid_desc=(sid_name=oracle8)
(oracle_home=/oracle)))
trace_level+listener=admin
startup_wait_time_listener=0
connect_timeout_listener=5
10、#vi /var/opt/oracle/tnsnames.ora 一些连接字符串,分布式通讯时有用
11、#su - oracle %env 看环境变量改变了没有
12、%svrmgrl 唤醒SVRMGR状态
SVRMGR>connect internal
连接打开数据库 SVRMGR>shutdown immediate 先关闭 instances, 数据库
SVRMGR>startup 再打开数据库,当看到 instances startup, database mount, database open的时候,oracle安装成功
SVRMGR>exit
14、 %lsnrctl start 启动listener 如果出错检查环境变量是否设好,及lsnrctl文件的内容和执行属性

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.

The main reasons for poor MySQL query performance include not using indexes, wrong execution plan selection by the query optimizer, unreasonable table design, excessive data volume and lock competition. 1. No index causes slow querying, and adding indexes can significantly improve performance. 2. Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the query plan and find out the optimizer error. 3. Reconstructing the table structure and optimizing JOIN conditions can improve table design problems. 4. When the data volume is large, partitioning and table division strategies are adopted. 5. In a high concurrency environment, optimizing transactions and locking strategies can reduce lock competition.

In database optimization, indexing strategies should be selected according to query requirements: 1. When the query involves multiple columns and the order of conditions is fixed, use composite indexes; 2. When the query involves multiple columns but the order of conditions is not fixed, use multiple single-column indexes. Composite indexes are suitable for optimizing multi-column queries, while single-column indexes are suitable for single-column queries.

To optimize MySQL slow query, slowquerylog and performance_schema need to be used: 1. Enable slowquerylog and set thresholds to record slow query; 2. Use performance_schema to analyze query execution details, find out performance bottlenecks and optimize.

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.


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