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SQL SERVER 查询性能优化分析事务与锁(四)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:44 PM
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上接SQL SERVER 查询性能优化分析事务与锁(三) 二、死锁的原因及相关处理 死锁的原因很多,尤其是前端应用程序没有合理的使用事务,或者对错误处理不当而导致事务长期持有而没有关闭。接下来讲讲最常见的几种死锁情况,并提供可能的解决方法。 1.费时的查

上接SQL SERVER 查询性能优化——分析事务与锁(三)

 

二、死锁的原因及相关处理

       死锁的原因很多,尤其是前端应用程序没有合理的使用事务,或者对错误处理不当而导致事务长期持有而没有关闭。接下来讲讲最常见的几种死锁情况,网站空间,并提供可能的解决方法。

1.费时的查询事务

2.不正确的事务或事务隔离等级设置

3.事务未正确处理

4.未检测到的分布式死锁

5.锁定数据粒度太高或太低

6.Compile Blocking

 

  (一)费时的查询事务

。如下图。

 

 

 

 

”锁住,也可以从“等待类型”列中看出相关信息。

如下图1、图2。

 

图1

 

图2

 

 

建议解决方法

1.新增或设置适当的索引以增加查询速度

2.更新统计信息以避免执行计划使用旧的统计信息

3.重新设计数据表、存储过程等对象

4.检查是否过度使用触发器和游标。

如果无法通过以上方式提高 工作效率,则可能要考虑修改系统的工作流程

1. 分割工作,不要同时执行所有的需求

2. 切割工作时间,将工作排至系统不繁忙的时段执行

3. 切割工作属性,将工作交给另一个数据库去执行,把查询与更新分成两个数据库来执行。

 

 

(二)不正确的事务或事务隔离级别设置

 

建议解决方式:

       事务设置大多与实际业务逻辑有关,不容易界定是否有必要,如果你通过跟踪文件找到不正确的事务或事略等级隔离设置时,也需要与开发者讨论设置的必要性。尤其是当事务中包含大量数据的运算的情况,可能需要研究如何切割成较小的事务,但仍需要符合原来的数据完整性和业务逻辑要求。

 

 

(三)事务未正确处理

 

 

 

在SQL 2005(2008)执行代码示例一,得到如下图。

 

select spid 进程,STATUS 状态, 登录帐号=SUBSTRING(SUSER_SNAME(sid),1,30) ,用户机器名称=SUBSTRING(hostname,1,12) ,是否被锁住=convert(char(3),blocked) ,数据库名称=SUBSTRING(db_name(dbid),1,20),cmd 命令,waittype as 等待类型 ,last_batch 最后批处理时间,open_tran 未提交事务的数量 from master.sys.sysprocesses spid in (select blocked from master.sys.sysprocesses) and blocked=0 ,香港空间,美国空间

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