1.1.1 摘要 在开发过程中,我们不时会遇到系统性能瓶颈问题,而引起这一问题原因可以很多,有可能是代码不够高效、有可能是硬件或网络问题,也有可能是数据库设计的问题。 本篇博文将针对一些常用的数据库性能调休方法进行介绍,而且,为了编写高效的SQL代码
1.1.1 摘要
在开发过程中,我们不时会遇到系统性能瓶颈问题,而引起这一问题原因可以很多,有可能是代码不够高效、有可能是硬件或网络问题,也有可能是数据库设计的问题。
本篇博文将针对一些常用的数据库性能调休方法进行介绍,而且,为了编写高效的SQL代码,我们需要掌握一些基本代码优化的技巧,所以,我们将从一些基本优化技巧进行介绍。
本文目录 1.1.2 正文假设,我们要设计一个博客系统,其中包含一个用户表(User),它用来存储用户的账户名、密码、显示名称和注册日期等信息。
由于时间的关系,我们已经把User表设计好了,它包括账户名、密码(注意:这里没有考虑隐私信息的加密存储)、显示名称和注册日期等,具体设计如下:
-- ============================================= -- Author: JKhuang -- Create date: 7/8/2012 -- Description: A table stores the user information. -- ============================================= CREATE TABLE [dbo].[jk_users]( -- This is the reference to Users table, it is primary key. [ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [user_login] [varchar](60) NOT NULL, [user_pass] [varchar](64) NOT NULL, [user_nicename] [varchar](50) NOT NULL, [user_email] [varchar](100) NOT NULL, [user_url] [varchar](100) NOT NULL, -- This field get the default from function GETDATE(). [user_registered] [datetime] ()), [user_activation_key] [varchar](60) NOT NULL, [user_status] [int] 0)), [display_name] [varchar](250) NOT NULL )上面,我们定义了Users表,它包含账户名、密码、显示名称和注册日期等10个字段,其中,ID是一个自增的主键,user_resistered用来记录用户的注册时间,它设置了默认值GETDATE()。
接下来,我们将通过客户端代码实现数据存储到Users表中,香港服务器租用,具体的代码如下:
//// Creates a database connection. var conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SQLCONN1"].ToString()); conn.Open(); //// This is a massive SQL injection vulnerability, //// don't ever write your own SQL statements with string formatting! string sql = String.Format( @"INSERT INTO jk_users (user_login, user_pass, user_nicename, user_email, user_status,display_name, user_url, user_activation_key) VALUES ('{0}', '{1}', '{2}', '{3}', '{4}', '{5}', '{6}', '{7}')", userLogin, userPass, userNicename, userEmail, userStatus, displayName, userUrl, userActivationKey); var cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //// Because this call to Close() is not wrapped in a try/catch/finally clause, //// it could be missed if an exception occurs above. Don't do this! conn.Close(); 代码中的问题上面,我们使用再普通不过的ADO.NET方式实现数据写入功能,但大家是否发现代码存在问题或可以改进的地方呢?
首先,我们在客户端代码中,创建一个数据库连接,它需要占用一定的系统资源,当操作完毕之后我们需要释放占用的系统资源,服务器空间,当然,我们可以手动释放资源,具体实现如下:
//// Creates a database connection. var conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SQLCONN1"].ToString()); conn.Open(); //// This is a massive SQL injection vulnerability, //// don't ever write your own SQL statements with string formatting! string sql = String.Format( @"INSERT INTO jk_users (user_login, user_pass, user_nicename, user_email, user_status,display_name, user_url, user_activation_key) VALUES ('{0}', '{1}', '{2}', '{3}', '{4}', '{5}', '{6}', '{7}')", userLogin, userPass, userNicename, userEmail, userStatus, displayName, userUrl, userActivationKey); var cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //// If throws an exception on cmd dispose. cmd.Dispose(); //// conn can't be disposed. conn.Close(); conn.Dispose();假如,在释放SqlCommand资源时抛出异常,那么在它后面的资源SqlConnection将得不到释放。我们仔细想想当发生异常时,可以通过try/catch捕获异常,所以无论是否发生异常都可以使用finally检查资源是否已经释放了,具体实现如下:
SqlCommand cmd = null; SqlConnection conn = null; try { //// Creates a database connection. conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SQLCONN1"].ToString()); conn.Open(); //// This is a massive SQL injection vulnerability, //// don't ever write your own SQL statements with string formatting! string sql = String.Format( @"INSERT INTO jk_users (user_login, user_pass, user_nicename, user_email, user_status,display_name, user_url, user_activation_key) VALUES ('{0}', '{1}', '{2}', '{3}', '{4}', '{5}', '{6}', '{7}')", userLogin, userPass, userNicename, userEmail, userStatus, displayName, userUrl, userActivationKey); cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } finally { //// Regardless of whether there is an exception, //// we will dispose the resource. if (cmd != null) cmd.Dispose(); if (conn != null) conn.Dispose(); }通过上面的finally方式处理了异常情况是很普遍的,但为了更安全释放资源,使得我们增加了finally和if语句,那么是否有更简洁的方法实现资源的安全释放呢?
其实,我们可以使用using语句实现资源的释放,具体实现如下:

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