MySql存储引擎
MyISAM: 拥有较高的插入,查询速度,但不支持事务
InnoDB :5.5版本后Mysql的默认数据库,事务型数据库的首选引擎,支持ACID事务,支持行级锁定
MySql索引数据结构(BTREE和Hash)
BTREE和Hash的区别
1、Hash 索引,其检索效率非常高,索引的检索可以一次定位。BTREE 索引需要从根节点到枝节点,最后才能访问到页节点这样多次的IO访问
2、Hash 索引仅仅能满足"=","IN"和"96b4fef55684b9312718d5de63fb7121"查询,不能使用范围查询。
3、Hash 索引无法被用来避免数据的排序操作
4、Hash 索引不能利用部分索引键查询。
5、Hash 索引在任何时候都不能避免表扫描。
6、Hash 索引遇到大量Hash值相等的情况后性能并不一定就会比B-Tree索引高。
MySql索引类型
1.主键索引
2.普通索引
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table(column); ALTER TABLE table_name ADD INDEX index_name (column);
3.唯一索引
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indexName ON table(column); ALTER TABLE table_name ADD UNIQUE indexName (column);
4.组合索引
ALTER TABLE `table` ADD INDEX name_account_email (name,account,email);
5.全文索引
ALTER TABLE article ADD FULLTEXT index_content(content); CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX index_content ON article(content);
6.Mysql8新特性降序索引
推荐:《mysql教程》
索引的缺点
1.虽然索引大大提高了查询速度,同时却会降低更新表的速度,如对表进行insert、update和delete。因为更新表时,不仅要保存数据,还要保存一下索引文件。
2.建立索引会占用磁盘空间的索引文件。一般情况这个问题不太严重,但如果你在一个大表上创建了多种组合索引,索引文件的会增长很快。
索引只是提高效率的一个因素,如果有大数据量的表,就需要花时间研究建立最优秀的索引,或优化查询语句。
*索引使用注意事项
使用索引时,有以下一些技巧和注意事项:
1.索引不会包含有null值的列
只要列中包含有null值都将不会被包含在索引中,复合索引中只要有一列含有null值,那么这一列对于此复合索引就是无效的。所以我们在数据库设计时不要让字段的默认值为null。
2.使用短索引
对串列进行索引,如果可能应该指定一个前缀长度。例如,如果有一个char(255)的列,如果在前10个或20个字符内,多数值是惟一的,那么就不要对整个列进行索引。短索引不仅可以提高查询速度而且可以节省磁盘空间和I/O操作。
3.索引列排序
查询只使用一个索引,因此如果where子句中已经使用了索引的话,那么order by中的列是不会使用索引的。因此数据库默认排序可以符合要求的情况下不要使用排序操作;尽量不要包含多个列的排序,如果需要最好给这些列创建复合索引。
4.like语句操作
一般情况下不推荐使用like操作,如果非使用不可,如何使用也是一个问题。like “%aaa%” 不会使用索引而like “aaa%”可以使用索引。
5.不要在列上进行运算,避免在条件查询的列上使用函数
这将导致索引失效而进行全表扫描*
怎么看查询语句是否走索引?
EXPLAIN sql语句
如果key列有值的话,就说明该表走了索引,rows是扫描的数据数量
更多编程相关内容,请关注php中文网编程入门栏目!

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.

SQL commands in MySQL can be divided into categories such as DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, etc., and are used to create, modify, delete databases and tables, insert, update, delete data, and perform complex query operations. 1. Basic usage includes CREATETABLE creation table, INSERTINTO insert data, and SELECT query data. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN for table joins, subqueries and GROUPBY for data aggregation. 3. Common errors such as syntax errors, data type mismatch and permission problems can be debugged through syntax checking, data type conversion and permission management. 4. Performance optimization suggestions include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and using transactions to ensure data consistency.

InnoDB achieves atomicity through undolog, consistency and isolation through locking mechanism and MVCC, and persistence through redolog. 1) Atomicity: Use undolog to record the original data to ensure that the transaction can be rolled back. 2) Consistency: Ensure the data consistency through row-level locking and MVCC. 3) Isolation: Supports multiple isolation levels, and REPEATABLEREAD is used by default. 4) Persistence: Use redolog to record modifications to ensure that data is saved for a long time.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft