在 SQL Server 2008 中,用户定义表类型是指用户所定义的表示表结构定义的类型。您可以使用用户定义表类型为存储过程或函数声明表值参数,或者声明您要在批处理中或在存储过程或函数的主体中使用的表变量。有关如何定义表结构的详细信息,请参阅 CREATE TABL
在 SQL Server 2008 中,用户定义表类型是指用户所定义的表示表结构定义的类型。您可以使用用户定义表类型为存储过程或函数声明表值参数,或者声明您要在批处理中或在存储过程或函数的主体中使用的表变量。有关如何定义表结构的详细信息,请参阅 CREATE TABLE (Transact-SQL)。
若要创建用户定义表类型,请使用 CREATE TYPE 语句。为了确保用户定义表类型的数据满足特定要求,您可以对用户定义表类型创建唯一约束和主键。
有关与用户定义类型相关联的目录视图的信息,请参阅 sys.types 和 sys.table_types。
限制
用户定义表类型具有下列限制:
安全性
用户定义表类型的权限通过使用下列 Transact-SQL 关键字来遵循 SQL Server 的对象安全模式:CREATE、GRANT、DENY、ALTER、CONTROL、TAKE OWNERSHIP、REFERENCES、EXECUTE、VIEW DEFINITION 和 REVOKE。
下面我用一个实例来讲解一下
-- ================================
-- 创建和使用自定义表类型
-- 陈希章
-- ================================
USE master
GO
-- ================================
-- 创建测试数据库
-- ================================
CREATE DATABASE demo
GO
-- ================================
-- 创建一个表
-- ================================
USE demo
GO
CREATE TABLE Customers
(
Id int NOT NULL,
Name char(10) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Id)
)
GO
USE demo
GO
-- ================================
-- 创建自定义表类型
-- ================================
CREATE TYPE dbo.CustomerTable AS TABLE
(
Id int NOT NULL,
Name char(10) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Id)
)
GO
-- =================================
-- 直接使用自定义表类型
-- =================================
DECLARE @c CustomerTable
INSERT INTO @c VALUES(1,'Xizhang')
SELECT * FROM @c
-- =================================
-- 在存储过程中使用自定义表类型
-- =================================
CREATE PROC GetCustomers
(@c CustomerTable READONLY)
AS
INSERT Customers SELECT * FROM @c --将传过来的参数(其实是一个表)的数据插入到Customers表里面去
-- =================================
-- 调用该存储过程,一次性插入4行数据
-- =================================
DECLARE @temp CustomerTable
INSERT INTO @temp VALUES(7,'Xizhang')
INSERT INTO @temp VALUES(2,'Xizhang')
INSERT INTO @temp VALUES(3,'Xizhang')
INSERT INTO @temp VALUES(4,'Xizhang')
EXEC GetCustomers @c=@temp
SELECT * FROM Customers
-- =================================
-- 清理数据库
-- =================================
USE master
GO
DROP DATABASE demo
GO
看起来不错对吧,香港虚拟主机,但是你应该马上想到一个问题,如果说这个存储过程要在客户端代码中调用,那么该怎么提供这个参数值呢?
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
DataTable tb = GetData();
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=sql2008;database=demo;integrated security=true"))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = "GetCustomers";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlParameter param = new SqlParameter("@c", SqlDbType.Structured);//这个类型很关键
param.Value = tb;
cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
}
}
Console.WriteLine("完成操作");
Console.Read();
}
private static DataTable GetData()
{
DataTable tb = new DataTable();
tb.Columns.Add("Id",typeof(int));
tb.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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