由于线上mysql实例太多,因此也就经常遇到Too many connections的问题,这个问题也是最常见的问题,下面就结合自己的经验来说一下
由于线上mysql实例太多,因此也就经常遇到Too many connections的问题,这个问题也是最常见的问题,下面就结合自己的经验来说一下这种问题的解决办法。
在出现这种问题的时候业务已经出现问题了,这种情况下最主要的是先恢复业务,而且自己要最先获取show innodb status和show full processlist的信息以便一会分析原因。最简单的办法就是临时将连接数稍微调大,让自己能登陆上去,,一般这种情况下登陆的时候也会出现Too many connections的提示,那么该如何做呢?这时候可以在主上面写一个死循环不停的连接主mysql以保证自己能正常登录,简单语句如下:
while true;do mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock;done
然后使用gdb工具来更改内存中max_connections的配置,使用方法为:先使用ps命令查找出mysql的进程ID,然后使用如下命令进行更改:
gdb -p 21862 -ex "set max_connections=1000" -batch
注意max_connections不要设置太大,如果设置太大可能会导致系统内存耗尽。
登陆之后就可以通过show full processlist看看到底发生了什么事情,一般的是有SQL堵住的了,kill掉对应的SQL即可。对于短时间上来大量请求的需要和开发一起分析定位问题。

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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