直方图在列数据分布不均匀时非常有用,查询优化器需要直方图信息才能做出正确的估算。有频度直方图与等高直方图两种。本篇依然使
直方图在列数据分布不均匀时非常有用,查询优化器需要直方图信息才能做出正确的估算。有频度直方图与等高直方图两种。本篇依然使用上一篇的测试表,文章链接Oracle中收集表与列统计信息
一、频度直方图
频度直方图使用的不是频度,,而是使用累积频度。下面的endpoint_number是取值的累计次数。
SELECT ENDPOINT_VALUE,
ENDPOINT_NUMBER,
ENDPOINT_NUMBER - LAG(ENDPOINT_NUMBER, 1, 0) OVER(ORDER BY ENDPOINT_NUMBER) AS FREQUENCY
FROM USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'T'
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'VAL2'
ORDER BY ENDPOINT_NUMBER;
ENDPOINT_VALUE
ENDPOINT_NUMBER
FREQUENCY
101
8
8
102
33
25
103
101
68
104
286
185
105
788
502
106
1000
212
频度直方图的本质特征有:
①桶数(分类数)等于唯一值总数。
②列endpoint_value提供该本身。
③列endpoint_number是取值的累计出现次数。只有当前endpoint_number减去上一endpoint_number才是当前值的出现次数。
下面演示查询优化器怎样使用频度直方图精确地估算出基于列val2过滤后查询返回的基数(cardinality)。
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '101' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=101;
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '102' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=102;
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '103' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=103;
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '104' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=104;
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '105' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=105;
EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID '106' FOR SELECT * FROM t WHERE val2=106;
SELECT STATEMENT_ID,CARDINALITY FROM plan_table WHERE ID=0;
STATEMENT_ID
CARDINALITY
101
8
102
25
103
68
104
185
105
502
106
212
当列的唯一值的个数大于桶允许的最大数量(254)时,就不能使用频度直方图了,此时应该使用等高直方图。
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:
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