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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialPostgreSQL的外部表使用

postgresql从9.1开始增加了外部表访问的功能,这个功能就是数据库直接读取数据库以外的文件,比如csv或者text等类型的文件,暂时

postgresql从9.1开始增加了外部表访问的功能,这个功能就是数据库直接读取数据库以外的文件,比如csv或者text等类型的文件,暂时不支持DML。postgresql有各种插件能直连各种异构DB,如Oracle_fdw,mysql_fdw,file_fdw等,对数据的迁移是很方便的,这是PG的扩展性较强的一个表现。这里介绍foreign data wrapper的file_fdw使用。

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一、环境:
OS :CentOS 6.3
DB :PostgreSQL 9.3

二、使用过程
1.创建扩展,因为默认不安装,安装需要手工创建

[postgres@kenyon ~]$ psql psql (9.3.0) Type "help" for help. postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION file_fdw; CREATE EXTENSION postgres=# \dx List of installed extensions Name | Version | Schema | Description ----------+---------+------------+------------------------------------------- file_fdw | 1.0 | public | foreign-data wrapper for flat file access plpgsql | 1.0 | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language (2 rows)

2.创建外部表服务接口,查看

postgres=# create server pg_file_server foreign data wrapper file_fdw; CREATE SERVER postgres=# \des List of foreign servers Name | Owner | Foreign-data wrapper ----------------+----------+---------------------- pg_file_server | postgres | file_fdw (1 row)

3.建立一个外部表,与外部文件结构一致

postgres=# create foreign table tab_area(id int,cname varchar(80),ename varchar(80),create_time varchar(30)) server pg_file_server options(filename '/home/postgres/data1.csv',format 'csv',header on,delimiter ',',null '1'); --后面options里面参数的说明 --filename后面是文件名和绝对路径 --format是格式,csv是逗号分隔,text表示是tab分隔的方式 --delimiter是分隔符 --header表示第一行数据是否需要 --null表示空数据的转化处理,例子中字段1将转化为null

4.上传外部文件

[postgres@kenyon ~]$ more data1.csv ?ID,cname,ename,create_time 1,浙江,zhejiang,2013-01-01 2,杭州,hangzhou,2013-01-02 3,北京,beijing,2012-09-12 4,默认,,2013-09-10 5,四川,sichuan,2012-12-12 6,,nanjing, 7,甘肃,,1998-12-12

5.查询

postgres=# select * from tab_area; id | cname | ename | create_time ----+-------+----------+------------- | 浙江 | zhejiang | 2013-01-01 2 | 杭州 | hangzhou | 2013-01-02 3 | 北京 | beijing | 2012-09-12 4 | 默认 | | 2013-09-10 5 | 四川 | sichuan | 2012-12-12 6 | | nanjing | 7 | 甘肃 | | 1998-12-12 (7 rows)

6.查看外部表

postgres=# \d+ tab_area Foreign table "public.tab_area" Column | Type | Modifiers | FDW Options | Storage | Stats target | Description -------------+-----------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------- id | integer | | | plain | | cname | character varying(80) | | | extended | | ename | character varying(80) | | | extended | | create_time | character varying(10) | | | extended | | Server: pg_file_server FDW Options: (filename '/home/postgres/data1.csv', format 'csv', delimiter ',', header 'true', "null" '1') Has OIDs: no

接下来请看第2页精彩内容

PostgreSQL 的详细介绍:请点这里
PostgreSQL 的下载地址:请点这里

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