一般来说,数据库处理SQL都会经过三个过程:解析(parse)、执行(exec)、返回结果(fetch)
一般来说,数据库处理SQL都会经过三个过程:解析(parse)、执行(exec)、返回结果(fetch)
1.解析
当用户发起一个SQL语句时,Oracle通过Server Process 接收SQL语句到达oracle实例,并在Shared pool 中的 Library Cache 查找是否存在该语句对应执行计划的缓存。
如果不存在则将该SQL进行硬解析(Hard parse),生成最优化的执行计划(plan),并将该执行计划等信息载入Library Cache。
如果存在则不经过硬解析,而是直接进行软解析(Soft parse),从而减少数据库的分析时间。
2.执行
server process首先在buffer cache中查找是否存在该执行计划所对应的数据块,如果存在,就直接进行DML操作(逻辑IO),否则应从数据文件中将数据块读取到buffer cache中,再进行DML操作(物理IO)。
3.返回结果
对于SELECT语句需要返回结果,首先看是否需要排序,,如果需要则排序后返回给用户。
对于其他DML语句(insert/delete/update),则无需返回结果。当buffer cache中的数据块被修改时,server process将自动记录buffer的改变过程到SGA中的redo log buffer,最终分别由DBWR和LGWR进程负责将buffer cache中的脏数据块和redo log buffer中的日志写到磁盘中的data file和redo log file。
解析类型:硬解析、软解析、软软解析
对SQL的解析都需要频繁地访问数据字典
硬解析:
判断SQL语句是否存在语法、语义的问题
判断SQL语句所涉及的对象(表、视图)是否存在
判断执行SQL语句的用户对涉及的对象是否有权限
选择最优的执行方案,生成执行计划
其中生成执行计划最消耗系统资源(CPU、I/O、Memory),尤其是CPU和I/O资源
软解析:只判断SQL语句的语法、语义、对象权限,而不生成执行计划
软软解析:不解析
SQL> select name,value from v$sysstat where name like 'parse%' ;
NAME VALUE
------------------------------ ----------
parse time cpu 1339
parse time elapsed 17374
parse count (total) 23639
parse count (hard) 3060
parse count (failures) 149
parse count (describe) 9
Oracle体系结构系列相关文章:
Oracle体系结构之SCN、实例恢复
Oracle体系结构之检查点
Oracle体系结构之SQL语句的执行过程
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