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B+树索引的使用

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:30 PM
b+tree indexoracledatabase

可以看到我们将取出行的数大概是表的100%的行,因此优化器没有选择使用索引。Mysql数据库的优化器会通过EXPLAIN的rows字段预估查

  什么时候使用B+树索引

  并不是在所有的查询条件下出现的列都需要添加索引。对于什么时候添加B+树索引,我的经验是访问表中很少一部分时,使用B+树索引才有意义。对于性别字段,地区字段,类型字段,它们可取值的范围很小,即低选着性。如:
 
  select * from student WHERE sex = 'M'
 
对于性别,可取值的范围只有'M','F'。对上述SQL语句得到的结果可能是该表的50%的数据,这时添加B+树索引时完全没有必要的。相反,如果某个字段的取值范围很广,几乎没有重复,即高选择性,即此时使用B+树索引时做合适的,例如姓名字段,基本上在一个应用中都不允许重名的出现。
 
  因此,当访问高选择性字段并从表中取出很少一部分时,对这个字段添加B+树索引是非常有必要的。但是如果出现了访问字段是高选择性的,但是取出的行数据占用表中大部分的数据时,这时MySQL数据库就不会使用B+树索引了,我们先来看一个例子:
 


mysql> show index from info\G;
 
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 
        Table: info
 
  Non_unique: 0
 
    Key_name: PRIMARY
 
 Seq_in_index: 1
 
  Column_name: id
 
    Collation: A
 
  Cardinality: 356639
 
    Sub_part: NULL
 
      Packed: NULL
 
        Null:
 
  Index_type: BTREE
 
      Comment:
 
Index_comment:
 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
 
        Table: info
 
  Non_unique: 1
 
    Key_name: index_link_family
 
 Seq_in_index: 1
 
  Column_name: link_family
 
    Collation: A
 
  Cardinality: 9385
 
    Sub_part: 255
 
      Packed: NULL
 
        Null: YES
 
  Index_type: BTREE
 
      Comment:
 
Index_comment:
 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
 
        Table: info
 
  Non_unique: 1
 
    Key_name: index_date
 
 Seq_in_index: 1
 
  Column_name: date
 
    Collation: A
 
  Cardinality: 356639
 
    Sub_part: NULL
 
      Packed: NULL
 
        Null:
 
  Index_type: BTREE
 
      Comment:
 
Index_comment: 

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