Oracle执行计划中的连接方式nested loops join、sort merge joinn、hash join
关键字:nested loops join、sort merge joinn、hash join
嵌套循环(Nested Loops (NL))
假如有A、B两张表进行嵌套循环连接,那么Oracle会首先从A表中提取一条记录,然后去B表中查找相应的匹配记录,如果有的话,就把该条记录的信息推到等待返回的结果集中,然后再去从A表中提取第二条记录,去在B表中找第二条匹配的记录,如果符合就推到返回的结果集中,依次类推,直到A表中的数据全部被处理完成,将结果集返回,就完成了嵌套循环连接的操作。
(散列)哈希连接(Hash Join (HJ))
假如有A、B两张表进行哈希连接,那么ORACLE会首先将B表在内存中建立一棵以散列表形式存在的查询二叉树C,然后开始读取A表的第一条记录,,从C中去找匹配的记录,如果有,则推到结果集中。再提取A中的第二条记录,如果有,则推到结果集中,以此类推,直到A中没有记录,返回结果集。
(归并)排序合并连接(Sort Merge Join (SMJ) )
假如有A、B两张表进行排序合并连接,ORACLE会首先将A表进行排序,形成一张临时的“表”C,然后将B进行排序,形成一张临时的“表”D,然后将C与D进行合并操作,返回结果集。
如果从预获取的数据量的角度而言,如果B表参与计算的数据量比较小的话,则嵌套循环连接的效率就是比较高的,因为可以很少的IO就可以获取到最终的结果集。但是如果数据量比较大的话,hash join和sort merge join是比较有优势的。
如果从索引的角度而言,索引可以提高nested loops的效率,因为从B表获取数据进行操作,就类似于从单表中查询数据一样,table access full和by index的效率肯定是不一样的,但是这个也取决于B的参与计算的数据量,如果B表的数据都在可以被一次抓取的数据块的大小之内的话,那么索引未必会被使用到。
如果从内存的角度上,同样的数据量nested loops的内存占用应该是最小的,sort merge 应该是最大的,而hash join内存消耗在中间。只是一种感官的直觉,具体没有测试过,因为sort merge 需要创建两个排序表,而hash join则需要对B表创建一棵查询树。
怎么从hash的角度上来看呢?估计三种表都有hash的使用,使用hash更多的是为了提高查询的效率,比如8=power(2,3),如果使用hash,可能需要创建一棵hash树,就增大了空间的消耗,如果table access full的话,需要最少扫描1次,最多扫描8次。如果使用hash,则最少1次,最多3次,就可以了,使用空间获取时间上的优势。在这个里面,至少感觉到使用到hash的有nested loops中的索引和hash join。

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