Ubuntu Server 12.10 MySQL的主从复制笔记
OS:Ubuntu Server 12.10
二台服务器,A的内网IP为192.168.1.111,B的内网IP为192.168.1.222,A做为master,B做为Slave
1. 配置A的Mysql
(1) vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
去掉[mysqld]段中 server_id =1 和log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log的#注释
加上 binlog-do-db = s3 s3就是要同步的数据库的名称,如果没有这一行,表示同步所有的数据,另外 binlog_ignore_db = mysql。要表示忽略同步的数据库名称为mysql,如果有多个要指定同步或是忽略同步的数据,就配置多行,保存退出。
(2) 创建一个复制用的账户(名称为repl,允许从远程连接,密码为123456):
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, RELOAD,SUPER, NO *.* TO repl@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
(3) 重启mysql服务,或是直接reboot机器也可以
(4) 进入mysql,,然后用 show master status\G 查看二进制日志的状态,看到类似以下的结果:
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1376 | s3 | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
2. 配置B的Mysql
(1) vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
去掉[mysqld]段中 server_id =1 和log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log的#注释,把server_id改为2,要和master机器的不一样。并增加以下内容:
binlog_do_db=s3
log-slave-updates
保存退出
(2) 重启mysql服务
(3) 进入mysql,执行
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.111', MASTER_USER='repl',Master_Port=3306,MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',MASTER_LOG_POS=1376;
SLAVE START;
注意上面的CHANGE语句中,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS就是上面1.4中提到的show master status命令得到的结果,指定二进制文件的名称和开始同步的位置。
(4) 查看SLAVE状态: show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.111
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1376
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 1355
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1376
Relay_Log_Space: 1512
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
上面的红色二行如果为YES则表示已经正常连接,可以进行复制了。

MySQL functions can be used for data processing and calculation. 1. Basic usage includes string processing, date calculation and mathematical operations. 2. Advanced usage involves combining multiple functions to implement complex operations. 3. Performance optimization requires avoiding the use of functions in the WHERE clause and using GROUPBY and temporary tables.

Efficient methods for batch inserting data in MySQL include: 1. Using INSERTINTO...VALUES syntax, 2. Using LOADDATAINFILE command, 3. Using transaction processing, 4. Adjust batch size, 5. Disable indexing, 6. Using INSERTIGNORE or INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE, these methods can significantly improve database operation efficiency.

In MySQL, add fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDCOLUMNnew_columnVARCHAR(255)AFTERexisting_column, delete fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameDROPCOLUMNcolumn_to_drop. When adding fields, you need to specify a location to optimize query performance and data structure; before deleting fields, you need to confirm that the operation is irreversible; modifying table structure using online DDL, backup data, test environment, and low-load time periods is performance optimization and best practice.

Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the execution plan of MySQL queries. 1. The EXPLAIN command displays the execution plan of the query to help find performance bottlenecks. 2. The execution plan includes fields such as id, select_type, table, type, possible_keys, key, key_len, ref, rows and Extra. 3. According to the execution plan, you can optimize queries by adding indexes, avoiding full table scans, optimizing JOIN operations, and using overlay indexes.

Subqueries can improve the efficiency of MySQL query. 1) Subquery simplifies complex query logic, such as filtering data and calculating aggregated values. 2) MySQL optimizer may convert subqueries to JOIN operations to improve performance. 3) Using EXISTS instead of IN can avoid multiple rows returning errors. 4) Optimization strategies include avoiding related subqueries, using EXISTS, index optimization, and avoiding subquery nesting.

Methods for configuring character sets and collations in MySQL include: 1. Setting the character sets and collations at the server level: SETNAMES'utf8'; SETCHARACTERSETutf8; SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION='utf8_general_ci'; 2. Create a database that uses specific character sets and collations: CREATEDATABASEexample_dbCHARACTERSETutf8COLLATEutf8_general_ci; 3. Specify character sets and collations when creating a table: CREATETABLEexample_table(idINT

To safely and thoroughly uninstall MySQL and clean all residual files, follow the following steps: 1. Stop MySQL service; 2. Uninstall MySQL packages; 3. Clean configuration files and data directories; 4. Verify that the uninstallation is thorough.

Renaming a database in MySQL requires indirect methods. The steps are as follows: 1. Create a new database; 2. Use mysqldump to export the old database; 3. Import the data into the new database; 4. Delete the old database.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),
