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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialRMAN 备份基础知识

rman(recovery manager,被称为恢复管理器),用来管理备份,转储和恢复操作,当执行rman命令时,oracle会将这些命令解析为PL/S

一、rman备份基础理论知识

rman(recovery manager,被称为恢复管理器),,用来管理备份,转储和恢复操作,当执行rman命令时,Oracle会将这些命令解析为PL/SQL块,并且由服务器进程执行这些PL/SQL块,最终完成备份,转储,恢复以及其他操作。

因为rman备份,转储和恢复操作都是有服务器进程来执行的,所以rman所进行的备份和恢复操作也被称为“服务器管理备份”

二、Rman备份的特点:

RMAN是块级别的备份与恢复
自动的备份与恢复·方便的备份归档日志
·自动检测新的数据文件
·支持增量备份
·最大限度的减少备份与恢复的错误
·减少恢复的时间
·在热备份中不会产生额外的redo日志
·坏块的自动检测·并行的备份与恢复操作
·在线备份时,表空间不用置于备份模式

三、基本命令结构
1、单命令
backup database
2、批量命令
由多条单命令组成

  Rman>run{
    Allocate channel cha1 type disk;
    backup format ‘/oracle/ora10g/rmanback/full_%u_%T“
    tag full_backup_wolf
    database;
    release channel cha1;
    }
 3、default 参数
 
RMAN 配置参数为:
 RMAN> show all; 
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default 
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default 
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default 
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default 
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default 
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default 
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default 
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default     
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default 
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default 
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default 
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\SNCFORCL.ORA'; # default
 注释:#default表示该配置仍然是初始的默认值。回到默认配置configure..clear。
 
1)configure retention policy to ..
  用来决定哪些备份不在需要,共有三个可选项:
 a)redundancy 5
 表示某个数据文件的备份集存在的个数,此处为5份
 b)recovery window of 7 days
 表示你希望数据库最早能恢复到几天前
 c)none
 表示不需要采用保留策略
 注释:a)和b)是互斥关系
 
2)CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ..
 理论上,备份优化仅对于只读表空间或offline表空间起作用。当然,对于已经备份过的归档日志文件也会跳过。
 缺省为off 

3)CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO ..
 指定i/o操作的设备类型:SBT or DISK.缺省是disk。
 
4)CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ..
 当autobackup别置为on时,rman做任何备份操作,都会自动对控制文件进行备份。
 
5)CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'
 配置控制文件的备份片的路径和格式
 比如:configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to 'e:\backupcontrol\%F'
 
6)CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET
 配置数据库设备类型的并行度。并行的数目决定了开启通道的个数
 
7)CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1
 是否启动复合备份,向指定的i/o设备中指定的位置生成指定的份数。缺省为1.
 这个配置仅用于数据文件和归档文件,并且,只有在自动分配通道时才会生效!
 
8)CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED
 配置备份集的大小。一般是配置maxpiecesize,对备份片进行限制。
 
9)CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF
 配置加密备份集。可以具体到某个表空间:
 configure encryption for tablespace users on;
 如果我们执行set encryption on indentified by think only,紧接其后所创建的备份就需要该密码才能进行正常的恢复
 
10)CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'
 指定加密算法,还有一个是 ‘AES256'
 
11)  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE
 指定归档文件的删除策略,缺省是none,即:归档备份完之后就可以被删除
 但是,在DG环境,DBA要保证归档文件在standby端成功接收并且应用之前,primary端始终保存该文件 
so,DG环境当设为:applied on standby
 
12)CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\SNCFORCL.ORA'
 配置控制文件的快照文件的存放路径和文件名,这个快照文件是在备份期间产生的,用于控制文件的读一致性
 
13)另外,CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE [CLEAR];此命令用于将指定的表空间不备份到备份集中, 此命令对只读表空间是非常有用的。
 
--------------------------------
 配置通道格式
 configure channel device type disk2 format '/disk1/rman_bak/cuug/%d_5s_%p.bak';

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