在一个高可用系统中,如果需要改变一个表的定义是一件比较棘手的问题,尤其是对于7times;24系统。Oracle提供的基本语法基本可以
在一个高可用系统中,如果需要改变一个表的定义是一件比较棘手的问题,尤其是对于7×24系统。Oracle提供的基本语法基本可以满足一般性修改,但是对于把普通堆表改为分区表,把索引组织表修改为堆表等操作就无法完成了。而且,对于被大量DML语句访问的表,幸运的是,Oracle从9i版本开始提供了在线重定义表功能,,通过调用DBMS_REDEFINITION包,可以在修改表结构的同时允许DML操作。
在线重定义表具有以下功能:
调用DBMS_REDEFINITION包需要EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE角色,除此之外,还需要CREATE ANY TABLE、ALTER ANY TABLE、DROP ANY TABLE、LOCK ANY TABLE和SELECT ANY TABLE的权限。
在线重定义表的步骤如下:
1.选择一种重定义方法:
存在两种重定义方法,一种是基于主键、另一种是基于ROWID。ROWID的方式不能用于索引组织表,而且重定义后会存在隐藏列M_ROW$$。默认采用主键的方式。
2.调用DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE()过程,如果表不满足重定义的条件,将会报错并给出原因。
3.在用一个方案中建立一个空的中间表,根据重定义后你期望得到的结构建立中间表。比如:采用分区表,增加了COLUMN等。
4.调用DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE()过程,并提供下列参数:被重定义的表的名称、中间表的名称、列的映射规则、重定义方法。
如果映射方法没有提供,则认为所有包括在中间表中的列用于表的重定义。如果给出了映射方法,则只考虑映射方法中给出的列。如果没有给出重定义方法,则认为使用主键方式。
5.在中间表上建立触发器、索引和约束,并进行相应的授权。任何包含中间表的完整性约束应将状态置为disabled。
当重定义完成时,中间表上建立的触发器、索引、约束和授权将替换重定义表上的触发器、索引、约束和授权。中间表上disabled的约束将在重定义表上enable。

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MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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