存储过程和存储函数 指存储在数据库中供所有用户程序调用的子程序叫存储过程、存储函数。 存储过程没有返回值。存储函数有返回值
存储过程和存储函数
指存储在数据库中供所有用户程序调用的子程序叫存储过程、存储函数。
存储过程没有返回值。存储函数有返回值
创建存储过程
用CREATE PROCEDURE命令建立存储过程和存储函数。
语法:
create [or replace] PROCEDURE过程名(参数列表)
AS
PLSQL子程序体;
存储过程示例:为指定的职工在原工资的基础上长10%的工资
/*
为指定的职工在原工资的基础上长10%的工资,并打印工资前和工资后的工资
*/
SQL> create or replace procedure raiseSalary(empid in number)
as
pSal emp.sal%type;--保存员工当前 工资
begin
--查询该员工的工资
select sal into pSal from emp where empno=empid;
--给该员工涨工资
update emp set sal = sal*1.1 where empno=empid;
--打印涨工资前后的工资
dbms_output.put_line('员工号:' || empid || '涨工资前
' || psal || '涨工资后' || psal*1.1);
end;
1 /
Procedure created
--存储过程调用
--方法一
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> exec raisesalary(7369);
员工号:7369涨工资前
800涨工资后880
方法二
set serveroutput on
begin
raisesalary(7369);
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
存储函数
函数(Function)为一命名的存储程序,可带参数,并返回一计算值。函数和过程的结构类似,,但必须有一个RETURN子句,用于返回函数值。函数说明要指定函数名、结果值的类型,以及参数类型等。

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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