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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle级联操作

Oracle的级联操作是为了处理,在删除主表数据时,从表外键数据该怎么处理,有如下三种情况:SET NULL,CASCADE,NO ACTION。

Oracle的级联操作是为了处理,在删除主表数据时,从表外键数据该怎么处理,有如下三种情况:

1、SET NULL:

此关键字用于表示当删除主表中被引用列的数据时,将子表中相应引用列的值设置为NULL值。这种情况要求子表中的引用列支持NULL值。

2、CASCADE:

此关键字用于表示当删除主表中被引用列的数据时,级联删除子表中相应的数据行。

3、NO ACTION:

约束后面省略ON DELETE的情况,,此关键字用于表示当删除主表中被引用列的数据时,如果子表的引用列中包含该值,则禁止该操作执行。

下面通过例子展示:

第一种情况:

--创建主表

SQL> create table father(

2 f_id number(10) primary key,

3 f_name varchar2(20)

4 );

表已创建。

--创建从表

SQL> create table child(
  2  c_id number(10) primary key,
  3  f_id number(10),
  4  c_name varchar2(20),
  5  constraint ch_fa foreign key (f_id) references father(f_id)
  6  on delete set null
  7  );
 
--插入数据

SQL> insert into father values (1,'cupid');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into father values (2,'dorria');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child values (1,1,'jack');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child values (2,2,'rose');

已创建 1 行。

commit;

提交完成。

SQL> delete from father where f_id=1;

已删除 1 行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> select * from father;

      F_ID F_NAME
---------- -------------------------------
        2 dorria
SQL> select * from child;

      C_ID      F_ID C_NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------
        1            jack
        2          2 rose

第二种情况:

--创建主表

SQL> create table father_1(

2 f_id number(10) primary key,

3 f_name varchar2(20)

4 );

表已创建。

--创建从表

SQL> create table child_1(
  2  c_id number(10) primary key,
  3  f_id number(10),
  4  c_name varchar2(20),
  5  constraint ch_fa_1 foreign key (f_id) references father(f_id)
  6  on delete cascade
  7  );
 
--插入数据

SQL> insert into father_1 values (1,'cupid');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into father_1 values (2,'dorria');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child_1 values (1,1,'jack');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child_1 values (2,2,'rose');

已创建 1 行。

commit;

提交完成。

SQL> delete from father where f_id=1;

已删除 1 行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> select * from father;

      F_ID F_NAME
---------- -------------------------------
        2 dorria
SQL> select * from child_1;

      C_ID      F_ID C_NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------
        2          2 rose


第三种情况:

--创建主表

SQL> create table father_2(

2 f_id number(10) primary key,

3 f_name varchar2(20)

4 );

表已创建。

--创建从表

SQL> create table child_2(
  2  c_id number(10) primary key,
  3  f_id number(10),
  4  c_name varchar2(20),
  5  constraint ch_fa_2 foreign key (f_id) references father(f_id)
  6  );
 
--插入数据

SQL> insert into father_2 values (1,'cupid');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into father_2 values (2,'dorria');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child_2 values (1,1,'jack');

已创建 1 行。

SQL> insert into child_2 values (2,2,'rose');

已创建 1 行。

commit;

提交完成。

SQL> delete from father_2 where f_id=1;
delete from father_2 where f_id=1
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-02292: 违反完整约束条件 (SCOTT.CH_FA_2) - 已找到子记录

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