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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL逻辑备份恢复方法简单总结

一、Mysql逻辑备份 1. 使用mysqldump命令生成INSERT语句备份 此方法类似于Oracle的expdp\exp工具 语法如下: mysqldump [argum

一、Mysql逻辑备份
 
 
 
1. 使用mysqldump命令生成INSERT语句备份
 
此方法类似于Oracle的expdp\exp工具
 
语法如下:
 
mysqldump [arguments] > file_name.sql
 
 
 
使用帮助:
 
[root@gc ~]# mysqldump

Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
 
OR    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
 
OR    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
 
For more options, use mysqldump --help
 
 
 
备份实例:
 
备份所有数据库
 
# mysqldump -uroot -proot --all-database > /tmp/dumpback/alldb.sql
 
 
 
备份某些数据库
 
# mysqldump -uroot -proot --database sqoop hive > /tmp/dumpback/sqoop_hive.sql

 
 
备份某数据库中的表
 
# mysqldump -uroot -proot sqoop tb1 > /tmp/dumpback/sqoop_tb1.sql
 
 
 
查看备份内容:
 
[root@gc dumpback]# more sqoop_tb1.sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.24, for Linux (x86_64)
 
--
 
-- Host: localhost    Database: sqoop
 
-- ------------------------------------------------------
 
-- Server version      5.5.24
 
 
 
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
 
......
 
--
 
-- Table structure for table `tb1`
 
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb1`;
 
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client    = @@character_set_client */;
 
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
 
CREATE TABLE `tb1` (
 
  `table_schema` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 
  `table_name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 
  `table_type` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
 
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
 
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
 
 
 
--
 
-- Dumping data for table `tb1`
 
--
 
 
 
LOCK TABLES `tb1` WRITE;
 
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb1` DISABLE KEYS */;
 
INSERT INTO `tb1` VALUES ('information_schema','CHARACTER_SETS','SYSTEM VIEW')
 
......
 
 
 
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb1` ENABLE KEYS */;
 
UNLOCK TABLES;
 
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
 
.....
 
 
 
-- Dump completed on 2013-03-25 18:26:53
 
 
 
注意事项:
 
如何保证数据备份的一致性?
 
要想保证数据的一致性可以通过以下两种方法做到:
 
第一、同一时刻取出所有数据
 
对于事务支持的存储引擎,如Innodb 或者BDB 等,可以通过控制将整个备份过程在同一个事务中,使用“--single-transaction”选项。
 
例如:
 
# mysqldump --single-transaction test > test_backup.sql

 
 
第二、数据库中的数据处于静止状态
 
通过锁表参数
 
--lock-tables 每次锁定一个数据库的表,此参数是默认为true(见上面备份内容实例);
 
--lock-all-tables 一次锁定所有的表,适用于dump的表分别处于各个不同的数据库中的情况

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