Oracle 生成和显示执行计划的方法,除执行过的sql会在内存中生成执行计划外,还可以通过explain plan让优化器对sql语句进行解析,
生成执行计划
一条合法的语句在执行之后,就会在内存中至少产生一条执行计划,可以从视图v$sql_plan查询。每一条执行计划对于一个游标。一条语句生产的第一个游标的CHILD_NUMBER(即v$sql_plan中的CHILD_NUMBER)为0,同一条sql语句可能因为环境或版本等其他因素不同而产生不同的执行计划,也就是说一条sql可能有多个CHILD_NUMBER。
除执行过的sql会在内存中生成执行计划外,还可以通过explain plan让优化器对sql语句进行解析,生成查询计划。执行explain plan命令后,Oracle会将解释生成的执行计划插入sys.plan_table$(10g之前,表名为plan_table;10g之后,通过公共同义词plan_table指向sys.plan_table$)中。explain plan产生的执行计划不会在语句执行时重用,而是以类似explain plan for
显示执行计划
通过DBMS_XPLAN包显示执行计划(推荐)
DBMS_XPLAN含有5个函数用于输出格式化的执行计划,如下:
display:显示explain plan命令解释的执行计划
display_cursor:显示内存中的执行计划
display_awr:awr历史数据中的执行计划
display_sqlset:SQL优化集中语句的执行计划
display_sql_plan_baseline:SQL执行计划基线
display的用法
语法:
DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY( table_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'PLAN_TABLE', statement_id IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, format IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'TYPICAL', filter_preds IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL);参数:
ParameterDescription
table_name
存储查询计划的表名,默认值为PLAN_TABLE
statement_id
要显示查询计划的SQL语句的ID,如果为空,就会获取最近一条被解释的语句
format
输出格式,有以下几种预定义的格式可选择,,还可以自定义(这里不多说):
BASIC:基本格式,内容最少.
TYPICAL: 典型格式,通常够用,默认格式
SERIAL: 串行执行格式,这种格式和典型格式输出内容基本一致,只是对于并行查询,不会输出相关的并行内容
ALL: 完全格式,输出内容相对完整
filter_preds
该参数用谓词条件过滤存储执行计划的表,例如'plan_id = 10或cost>100(显示估算代价大于100的操作),该值默认为空示例:
用explain plan执行sql语句:
EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
SELECT * FROM emp e, dept d
WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno
AND e.ename='benoit';
Display the plan using the DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY table function
SET LINESIZE 130
SET PAGESIZE 0
SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);
输出结果如下
Plan hash value: 3693697075
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 57 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 57 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 1 | 37 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT | 4 | 80 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
2 - filter("E"."ENAME"='benoit')
15 rows selected.

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