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Oracle数据迁移方案

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Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:21 PM

以下所说方法，不考虑数据的增量更新、不考虑数据的实时同步、不考虑数据的逻辑转换。如果有这些需求，建议使用第三方ETL工具或使

数据迁移通俗的说就是将数据从一个地方转移到另一个地方。主要使用场景有：根据正式系统搭建测试环境、从内网复制到外网、数据库服务器硬件升级等。根据需要迁移的数据量大小、系统架构，可采取不同的迁移方法。

注：以下所说方法，不考虑数据的增量更新、不考虑数据的实时同步、不考虑数据的逻辑转换。如果有这些需求，建议使用第三方ETL工具或使用Oracle的其他数据同步技术。

一、常用示例

1.1 如何在客户现场搭建测试环境？

常规方案，使用imp/exp工具，先在源库执行直接路径导出操作，然后在目标库执行导入操作。IMP/EXP的执行速度主要受限于磁盘及网络。

数据量：1.5G

导出用时：5分钟

导入用时：23分钟

导出文件大小：641M

导出导入环境：单CPU，，700M内存。为力求最大速度，使用直接路径导出、设置最大I/O缓冲、导入导出文件都放在服务器上执行。

1.2 还有没有更快的办法？

有，仍然使用impdp/expdp。只是不再将数据导出后导入，而是直接将数据从源库导入到目的库。

CMD> Impdp testi@目标库 directory=DMPDIR schemas=TESTI

network_link=源库dblink remap_schema=TESTI:TESTA

上面语句的操作是将源库的TESTI用户的数据，导入到目标库的TESTA用户下。

这个操作是局域网内迁移数据最方便的工具，不过也可能是速度最慢的工具。

1.3 有没有还快一点的方法？

有，换用impdp/expdp。同样在源库执行导出，在目标库执行导入。操作速度能得到极大提升。IMPDP/EXPDP速度主要受限于磁盘，与网络无关。

原数据大小：1.5G

expdp导出操作用时：5分钟

impdp导入操作用时：22分钟

导出文件大小：588M

导出导入环境：单CPU，700M内存，并行度 = 1

？？你不是说这个会更快么？为什么速度跟3.1的imp/exp差不多啊？

请看第四部分总结的解释。

1.4 你还敢再快一点么？

使用表空间迁移。将表空间的元数据导出，和数据文件一起，复制到新库。执行元数据导入。一般来说，整个导入导出的数据量不到5M。速度相当快，但使用限制比较多。

导出时间：1分钟

导入时间：3分钟

导出文件：60M + 数据文件1.5G

1.5 如何将数据从linux环境转到windows环境？

查看v$transportable_platform，如果数据编码一致，可尝试直接复制数据文件。否则使用rman或impdp/expdp或imp/exp。

1.6 如果你有一个excel格式的数据表，需要远程更新到客户数据库上，怎么更新？

使用pl/sql developer，复制、粘贴、提交。

1.6 如果你需要将正式库的几张表，迁移到测试库来，怎么弄快些？

用dblink+脚本，或者使用impdp远程导入。

linux

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