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在一个SQL语句中嵌套另外一个sql语句称为子查询,而这个查询语句作为另一个查询语句它的条件,其中包含其他sql语句的这个sql语句

在一个SQL语句中嵌套另外一个sql语句称为子查询

而这个查询语句作为另一个查询语句它的条件,其中包含其他sql语句的这个sql语句称为父查询

示例如下

如果需要查询商品类别中为图书的所有商品id,名称,价格

  • 在where条件中子查询的一般实现步骤如下:
    1.我们得先知道需要查询的是什么,明确要显示的结果

    比如说我们上述的就是id,name,price


    2.结果来源于哪里

    显然这些商品的相关信息来自于商品表es_product


    3.需要的查询条件是什么

    这里需要的是查询分类为图书,就是sort_id=(图书类别id)


    4.条件中需要的值来源于哪里

    它来自于一个子查询

    sort_id=(SELECT id FROM es_sort WHERE sortname =' 图书')


    5.最后子查询的sql语句就自然而然出来了


    又例如,我们要查询以李青青为下单人的订单号,收货方式以及订单状态

    1.明确显示的结果    id,payment,status

    2.结果来自于哪里  es_order

    3.需要的条件   user_id=('李青青'的id)

    4.这个条件需要的值来自于一个子查询

     user_id =(select id from es_user where realname='李青青')


    以上说的子查询都是返回的是单行结果,,因此使用了=的操作符,

    其实我们可以使用>\>=\\!=的操作符

    例如,我们要编写sql语句,查询大于商品平均价格的商品id,名称,价格

  • 但是有时子查询返回的结果可能不止一行

    比如要查询一号订单下的所有商品id,商品名称和价格

    我们使用=操作符的时候,会报一个错误



    我们应进行这样的修改

    将=操作符改为in,即

  • 除了使用in我们还可以使用any,all,exists

    另外我们需要查询商品表中前5条商品的id,商品名称以及上架时间

    要实现这个需求,我们首先要知道有ROWNUM这个内容


    知道了ROWNUM,SQL就出来了

  • 需求继续升级,我们这次要查询最新上架的前五条商品的记录,很可能大家会这样写


    但这是错误的,错误的原因是

    select的执行顺序

    它总是先执行where子句再执行order by语句

    而我们的要求是先对表的记录进行排序,再取前五条记录

    其思路如下


    如果有排序,先把排序后的表当成一个虚拟表,再进行操作

    上述需求的SQL语句如下

  • select id,name,saledate,rownum from(select * from es_product order by saledate desc) where rownum

    切记rownum是动态生成的,在表物理中不存在,所以诸如saledate.rownum并不存在

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