在一个SQL语句中嵌套另外一个sql语句称为子查询,而这个查询语句作为另一个查询语句它的条件,其中包含其他sql语句的这个sql语句
在一个SQL语句中嵌套另外一个sql语句称为子查询
而这个查询语句作为另一个查询语句它的条件,其中包含其他sql语句的这个sql语句称为父查询
示例如下
如果需要查询商品类别中为图书的所有商品id,名称,价格
在where条件中子查询的一般实现步骤如下:
1.我们得先知道需要查询的是什么,明确要显示的结果
比如说我们上述的就是id,name,price
2.结果来源于哪里
显然这些商品的相关信息来自于商品表es_product
3.需要的查询条件是什么
这里需要的是查询分类为图书,就是sort_id=(图书类别id)
4.条件中需要的值来源于哪里
它来自于一个子查询
sort_id=(SELECT id FROM es_sort WHERE sortname =' 图书')
5.最后子查询的sql语句就自然而然出来了
又例如,我们要查询以李青青为下单人的订单号,收货方式以及订单状态
1.明确显示的结果 id,payment,status
2.结果来自于哪里 es_order
3.需要的条件 user_id=('李青青'的id)
4.这个条件需要的值来自于一个子查询
user_id =(select id from es_user where realname='李青青')
以上说的子查询都是返回的是单行结果,,因此使用了=的操作符,
其实我们可以使用>\>=\\!=的操作符
例如,我们要编写sql语句,查询大于商品平均价格的商品id,名称,价格
比如要查询一号订单下的所有商品id,商品名称和价格
我们使用=操作符的时候,会报一个错误
我们应进行这样的修改
将=操作符改为in,即
除了使用in我们还可以使用any,all,exists
另外我们需要查询商品表中前5条商品的id,商品名称以及上架时间
要实现这个需求,我们首先要知道有ROWNUM这个内容
知道了ROWNUM,SQL就出来了
但这是错误的,错误的原因是
select的执行顺序
它总是先执行where子句再执行order by语句
而我们的要求是先对表的记录进行排序,再取前五条记录
其思路如下
如果有排序,先把排序后的表当成一个虚拟表,再进行操作
上述需求的SQL语句如下
切记rownum是动态生成的,在表物理中不存在,所以诸如saledate.rownum并不存在

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