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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialThinkPHP3.1新特性之多层MVC的支持_php实例

1.模型(Model)层:默认的模型层由Model类构成,但是随着项目的增大和业务体系的复杂化,单一的模型层很难解决要求,从3.1开始推出了多层Model的支持,设计思路很简单,不同的模型层仍然都继承自系统的Model类,但是在目录结构和命名规范上做了区分,例如在某个项目设计中需要区分数据层、逻辑层、服务层等不同的模型层,我们可以在项目的Lib目录下面创建Model、Logic和Service目录,把对用户表的所有模型操作分成三层:

数据层:Model/UserModel 用于定义数据相关的自动验证和自动完成和数据存取接口
逻辑层:Logic/UserLogic 用于定义用户相关的业务逻辑
服务层:Service/UserService 用于定义用户相关的服务接口等

而这三个模型操作类统一都继承Model类即可,这样对用户数据的操作就非常清晰,在调用的时候,也可以用内置的D方法很方便的调用:

D('User') //实例化UserModel
D('User','Logic') //实例化UserLogic
D('User','Service') //实例化UserService

对模型层的分层划分是很灵活的,开发人员可以根据项目的需要自由定义分层。

2.视图(View)层:由模板和模板引擎组成,在模板中可以直接使用PHP代码,模板引擎的设计会在后面讲述,通过驱动也可以支持其他第三方的模板引擎。视图的多层可以简单的通过目录区分,例如:

Tpl/default/User/add.html
Tpl/blue/User/add.html

3.控制器(Controller)层:ThinkPHP的控制器层由核心控制器和业务控制器组成,核心控制器由系统内部的App类完成,负责应用(包括模块和操作)的调度控制,包括HTTP请求拦截和转发、加载配置等,业务控制器则由用户定义的Action类完成。3.1版本开始增加了多层业务控制器的支持。其实现原理和模型的分层类似,例如业务控制器和事件控制器:

Action/UserAction //用于用户的业务逻辑控制和调度
Event/UserEvent //用于用户的事件响应操作

UserAction负责外部交互响应,通过URL请求响应,例如 http://serverName/User/index,而UserEvent 负责内部的事件响应,并且只能在内部调用

 A('User','Event');

所以是和外部隔离的。多层控制器的划分也不是强制的,可以根据项目的需要自由分层。控制器分层里面可以根据需要调用分层模型,也可以调用不同的目录的视图模板。
同时,R方法也可以支持多层控制器的调用了,增加了第三个参数表示控制器的层名称,例如:

R('User/register',array(15),'Event');

表示调用UserEvent控制器的register方法,并传入参数15.
在MVC三层中,ThinkPHP并不依赖M或者V,甚至可以只有C或者只有V,这个在ThinkPHP的设计里面是一个很重要的用户体验设计,用户只需要定义视图,在没有C的情况下也能自动识别。

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